The invention discloses a system for realizing data desensitization. The system comprises a database, a rule setting module, a to-be-changed script recognition module, a script changing module and a script execution module, wherein the rule setting module, the to-be-changed script recognition module, the script changing module and the script execution module are connected in sequence; according to the rule setting module, an access permission of a user on data is set according to a business demand in advance, and sql rewriting rules are set for sensitive fields and stored into the database; according to the to-be-changed script recognition module, the access permission of the user on the data is judged, an sql script of an unauthorized user is recognized, and a to-be-changed script is determined; the script changing module rewrites and changes the sql script of the unauthorized user; and the script execution module executes the changed sql script, generates desensitized data and transmits the desensitized data to an access terminal accessed by the user. The invention furthermore discloses a desensitization method of the system for realizing data desensitization. Through the system and the method, targeted desensitization can be performed, and desensitization workload is reduced.