The invention relates to a torque distribution control system for considering coordination of maneuverability and wheel stability, and a method. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the range constraint of wheel output torque is obtained; (2) generalized force demands for a motion control layer are pre-distributed; (3) the peak slip rate corresponding to a road surface adhesion coefficient and the reference wheel speed of each wheel are obtained, and the working mode of each wheel is determined; (4) an anti-saturation integral slip-mode variable-structure controller is built, anda difference value between the actual wheel speed and the reference wheel speed serves as input to obtain control torque; (5) the non-slip wheels serve as a control variable of secondary distribution,the weighted sum of the minimum generalized force tracking error and the minimum adhesion utilization rate serves as a target function, and optimization solution is conducted; and (6) finally, a torque instruction of a driving anti-slip control unit and a torque instruction of a four-wheel torque distribution control unit are combined to be output to a motor controller. Compared with the prior art, the torque distribution control system for considering coordination of maneuverability and wheel stability, and the method have the advantages of secondary distribution, effective slip preventing,comprehensive consideration, precise control and the like.