The invention discloses a light weapon test identification method based on a simulation technology, which comprises a database module, a calculation module, a comprehensive analysis module and a faultanalysis and reproduction module; the database module comprises an inner trajectory database, a model database, a material database and an environment database; the calculation module comprises an inner ballistic trajectory calculation module, a mechanism action simulation analysis module, a structure field temperature field coupling calculation module, an outer ballistic trajectory calculation module and a damage efficiency calculation module. The identification steps are as follows: firstly, researching the characteristics of inner ballistic trajectory data, model library data, material data and environmental data; the light weapon test identification system composed of the database module, the calculation module, the comprehensive analysis module and the fault analysis and reproductionmodule is used for carrying out simulation identification tests on light weapons, multi-sample data simulation tests can be achieved, a large amount of identification data can be obtained through comprehensive identification and evaluation, the cost is saved, and the test period is short.