The invention relates to a projection Moire gear tooth surface three-dimensional measurement device and measurement method. The device comprises a point light source, a measuring grating and a semi-reflection semi-transmission mirror are sequentially arranged on a light path of the point light source, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the semi-reflection semi-transmission mirror and the light path, and a lens, a reference grating and an industrial camera are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path by which the point light source passes through the semi-reflection semi-transmission mirror. The point light source is composed of an optical fiber support, optical fiber and a light source, one end of the optical fiber is connected to an emission end of the light source,and the other end is erected on the optical fiber support. According to the invention, a light path propagation path is changed through the semi-reflection semi-transmission mirror, compared with theuse of a reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror needs to be installed in a tooth groove, the fixation is complex, interference with the measurement device easily occurs, while the semi-reflection semi-transmission mirror can be installed outside a tooth groove of a measured gear, the structure is simpler, the implementation is easy, meanwhile, optimal projection and data acquisition can also berealized, and the measurement is free of light shielding.