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Polymer foamed microsphere based silicon-carbon composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

A technology of silicon-carbon composite materials and foamed microspheres, which is applied in the field of materials and electrochemistry, can solve the problems of limited electrochemical reaction speed, low production efficiency, and poor contact, and achieve good practical application value, low equipment requirements, The effect of high production efficiency

Active Publication Date: 2016-12-07
TAIYUAN UNIV OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

However, the silicon material as the negative electrode material also has the following problems: 1. During the charge and discharge process, the silicon material will be pulverized due to the reciprocating volume change, and the pulverized silicon material has poor electrical contact with the external circuit, and the reversible specific capacitance decays rapidly; 2. , As a semiconductor material, silicon material has low conductivity and limited electrochemical reaction speed
The process uses electrospinning technology, which is very inefficient in production, and thermal reduction technology of magnesium powder, which is potentially dangerous in the production of large templates
[0007] In summary, at present, the preparation process of silicon-carbon composite materials with a hollow structure mostly adopts the template method or electrospinning technology, the process is complicated, the preparation conditions are strict, and the production efficiency and cost of the material are strictly limited.

Method used

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  • Polymer foamed microsphere based silicon-carbon composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Polymer foamed microsphere based silicon-carbon composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof
  • Polymer foamed microsphere based silicon-carbon composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

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preparation example Construction

[0045] The preparation of the above-mentioned silicon-carbon composite material includes a combination of the following processes: (1) heating and carbonizing the polymer foamed microspheres to obtain a hollow carbon shell; (2) loading nano-silicon on the polymer foamed microspheres or the hollow carbon shell. Before, during or after the process (1), (2) is implemented, nano-silicon can be coated with conductive polymer, carbon, or carbon raw material; the carbon raw material will be converted into a carbon coating layer by carbonization .

[0046] The specific preparation method is as follows in the examples.

Embodiment 1

[0048] A method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material based on polymer foamed microspheres, as follows:

[0049] 1. Load nano-silicon on polymer foamed microspheres: weigh 0.4g nano-silicon powder, 6g foamed microspheres are dispersed in 15ml of absolute ethanol, magnetically stirred for 10min, ultrasonicated for 5min, and then dried at 80°C for 4h. Get the powder.

[0050] 2. Heat and foam the polymer foamed microspheres to obtain a hollow carbon shell: heat the prepared powder at 100°C for 10 minutes to complete the foaming process, and then place the foamed powder in a tube furnace in a hydrogen atmosphere at 800 °C Keep at ℃ for 2h, and cool to room temperature to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material product.

[0051] Such as figure 1 Shown, the scanning electron microscope picture of the silicon-carbon composite material.

[0052] According to the energy spectrum analysis diagram of the silicon-carbon composite material, the energy spectrum was used ...

Embodiment 2

[0056] A method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material based on polymer foamed microspheres, as follows:

[0057] 1. Load nano-silicon on polymer foamed microspheres: weigh 0.4g of nano-silicon powder, 6g of foamed microspheres are dispersed in 15ml of deionized water, magnetically stirred for 10min, ultrasonicated for 5min, and then dried at 80°C for 10h to obtain powder.

[0058] 2. Heat and foam the polymer foamed microspheres to obtain a hollow carbon shell: heat the prepared powder at 160°C for 10 minutes to complete the foaming process, and then place the foamed powder in a tube furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere at 400 °C Keep at ℃ for 20h, and cool to room temperature to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material product.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a polymer foamed microsphere based silicon-carbon composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The silicon-carbon composite material comprises a hollow carbon shell which is obtained through carbonization of the foamed microspheres and nanometer silicon which is loaded on the hollow carbon shell; the content of the hollow carbon shell is 5-95 wt%; and the content of the nanometer silicon is 5-80 wt%. A conducting polymer coating layer or a carbon coating layer is arranged on the surface of the nanometer silicon; and the coating layer is 1-20 nm in thickness. The silicon-carbon composite material disclosed by the invention is simple in technology, low in device requirement, high in production efficiency and high in material specific capacity (the specific capacity can be up to 1000 mAh*g<1> in the presence of 100 mA*g<1> current density), can be used in the field of lithium-ion batteries and is widely used.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of materials and electrochemistry, and specifically relates to a silicon-carbon composite material based on a pore-forming mechanism of polymer foamed microspheres, a preparation method thereof, and an application as a lithium-ion battery negative electrode material. Background technique [0002] Among the many lithium-ion battery anode materials, graphite has good conductivity and low electrode potential (<1.0 vs. Li+ / Li), cheap and non-toxic, high cycle stability and chemical stability, still occupy the mainstream of the market (such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.). However, the specific capacity of graphite is close to the theoretical capacity (372mAh / g), and there is little room for performance improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new high specific capacity anode materials. [0003] The theoretical specific capacity of silicon is more than 10 times that of graphite, and the char...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/36H01M4/38H01M4/62H01M10/0525
CPCH01M4/364H01M4/386H01M4/625H01M4/628H01M10/0525Y02E60/10
Inventor 康利涛李亚娥畅波梁伟
Owner TAIYUAN UNIV OF TECH