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Three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery anode and preparation and application thereof

A secondary battery and current collector technology, applied in the field of electrochemical power sources, can solve the problems of unbearable volume change, unstable interface contact, poor kinetic behavior, etc., and achieve suitable for large-scale production, large electroactive surface area, and high practicality sexual effect

Active Publication Date: 2017-06-27
INST OF CHEM CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Despite their effectiveness, most additives are continuously consumed during battery cycling, and the formed SEI is brittle and cannot withstand the volume change during cycling.
The second is to use a solid electrolyte to inhibit the growth of metal dendrites, but the solid electrolyte has low room temperature conductivity and large interface impedance, and the kinetic behavior is poor
The third is to use a physical protective layer to inhibit the growth of metal dendrites, but there is a problem of unstable interface contact
[0006] Aiming at the problems of metal dendrites and low coulombic efficiency of deposition / precipitation, the present invention creatively proposes a self-supporting three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber structure

Method used

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  • Three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery anode and preparation and application thereof
  • Three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery anode and preparation and application thereof
  • Three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery anode and preparation and application thereof

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0039] (1) Preparation of three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber

[0040] The biomass raw material cotton is repeatedly washed 3 times with ethanol and deionized water, dried, rolled, sliced, and calcined in a tube furnace at 1200°C in an inert atmosphere nitrogen at a heating rate of 2°C / min, sintered for 3 hours, biomass The raw material is carbonized into hollow carbon fiber. After the carbonization is completed, the heating is stopped, the protection gas is maintained, the reactor is cooled to room temperature, and the sample is taken out. The result is a three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber. Then use 1M activating reagent KOH to soak the ultrasonic sample for 5h, dry it, and calcinate it for 2h at 800°C and 5°C / min heating rate in nitrogen atmosphere. After the activation, the sample after activation is taken out, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then repeatedly washed with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and dried to obtain the desired...

Embodiment 2

[0053] The only difference from Example 1 is (1) The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector is prepared, and the carbonization temperature used is 800°C. The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector is formed by intertwining micron carbon fibers with a pore volume per unit area of ​​0.01 cm 3 cm -2 , The diameter of the micron carbon fiber is about 25μm, and the micron carbon fiber has a hollow structure with a wall thickness of 5μm.

[0054] Deposit 4mA h cm -2 After lithium, the deposition / stripping efficiency of lithium was 80% for the first time and reached 97% after 10 cycles. The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector load 18 mA h cm -2 In the case of metallic lithium, no lithium dendrites were formed after 10 cycles.

Embodiment 3

[0056] The only difference from Example 1 is (1) The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector is prepared, and the calcination temperature used is 1000°C. The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector is formed by intertwining micrometer carbon fibers, and the pore volume per unit area is 0.015 cm 3 cm -2 , The diameter of the micron carbon fiber is about 15μm, and the micron carbon fiber has a hollow structure with a wall thickness of 2μm.

[0057] Deposit 4mA h cm -2 After lithium, the deposition / stripping efficiency of lithium was 87% for the first time and reached 98% after 10 cycles. The three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector load 18 mA h cm -2 In the case of metallic lithium, no lithium dendrites were formed after 10 cycles.

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Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional porous current collector serving as a metal secondary battery anode current collector; the current collector is a three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector having both hollow fiber tubular structure and porous structure. Compared with the traditional flat current collectors, the three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber current collector is capable of inhibiting dendritic crystal that occurs during metal deposition / separation, the safety of a metal anode is improved greatly, improved coulombic efficiency and longer cycle life can be achieved, and voltage polarization can be decreased. A method to prepare the three-dimensional porous hollow carbon fiber bobbin current collector is simple and easy, the raw materials are low in price and easy to obtain, and the collector is suitable for large-scale production and has high practical value.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical power sources, and specifically relates to a three-dimensional current collector for metal secondary battery negative electrodes, a preparation method thereof, a metal secondary battery negative electrode with a dendrite inhibiting effect obtained by using the current collector, and a metal using the current collector. The negative electrode can be used in high-energy-density energy storage devices to significantly improve their safety, Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. [0002] Background technique: [0003] In order to meet people's increasing demands for portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids, high-energy-density battery systems beyond traditional lithium-ion batteries are urgently needed to be developed. Metal secondary batteries are a type of secondary battery that directly uses metal negative electrodes such as lithium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, and have attracted wi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/64
CPCH01M4/663H01M4/806H01M4/045H01M4/382H01M4/134H01M4/1395H01M10/052H01M10/054Y02E60/10H01M4/762H01M10/0525
Inventor 郭玉国刘琳殷雅侠万立骏
Owner INST OF CHEM CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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