The invention discloses an aqueous zinc-bromine battery, and the battery comprises a positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode is a carbon, metal or nonmetal matrix material modified by a carbon material with a high specific surface area and is used for carrying out an oxidation-reduction reaction of zero-valent bromine and negative monovalent bromine, and the electrode can provide more sites for an active substance, so the improvement of the reversibility of electrode reaction is facilitated, and high loading capacity can be realized; a negative electrode which adopts a metal material capable of being alloyed with zinc or a zinc-loving carbon material and is used for carrying out redox reaction of positive divalent zinc and zero-valent zinc, wherein the electrode material can reduce a nucleation energy barrier of zinc and homogenize a surface electric field, so the reversibility of the reaction is improved and formation of zinc dendrites is avoided; an aqueous electrolyte which is an aqueous solution containing a zinc salt, a bromine salt, a complexing agent and a zinc dendritic crystal inhibitor, wherein the complexing agent and the bromine elementary substance are combined at the positive electrode and exist in a solid form, so that pollution to the negative electrode can be avoided, the battery stability is improved, and the zinc dendritic crystal inhibitor can avoid formation of zinc dendritic crystals of the negative electrode, so the cycle stability of the battery is improved.