The invention discloses a gob-side entryretaining roadway-side flexible and high-strength material bearing construction structure and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of gob-side entryretaining roadway-side support structure. The gob-side entryretaining roadway-side flexible and high-strength material bearing construction structure comprises a flexible and high-strength material bearing construction structure, a booster pump and a gas pressurizing room, wherein the flexible and high-strength material bearing construction structure comprises rubber air bags, paste cement, wood point pillars, single support columns, filling templates, articulated roof beams, preserved rod bodies, a front filling baffle and roof bolts, wherein the rubber air bags are connected with the booster pump; the booster pump is connected with the gas pressurizing room; a filling area formed by the filling templates and the front filling baffle is filled with the paste cement. According to the gob-side entryretaining roadway-side flexible and high-strength material bearing construction structure and the construction method thereof, provided by the invention, the construction mode of gob-side entryretaining filling bodies is optimized, the air bags on an upper layer can provide active support for top plates, reduce roof separation, relieve action of impact dynamic load to a roadway-side support, body, and are applicable to given deformation caused by top plate movement under the condition that the support strength is maintained or even improved; the filling body on a lower layer can provide support force when a main roof is stable, and completeness of the roadway-side support structure can be ensured.