The invention relates to a machining method of a high-quality large-diameter thin-wall barrel body. The machining method comprises the following steps. Firstly, isothermy or hot die anti-extrusion technology is utilized, and anti-extrusion is performed on an alloy forging rod. Secondly, machining is performed on the inner and outer surfaces of a spinning barrel billet, and finish turning is performed on the inner surface of the barrel bottom of the barrel billet. Thirdly, multi-pass brute force thinning spinning is performed on the machined spinning barrel billet, and the spinning is hot spinning or cold spinning. Fourthly, intermediate heat treatment is performed on a spinning semi-finished product, and the intermediate heat treatment is annealing or solution treatment. Fifthly, the third step and the fourth step are performed repeatedly and alternatively so that finished product spinning is performed. Sixthly, scouring and cleaning are performed on the barrel body, and finished product heat treatment is performed. Seventhly, polishing of the inner and outer surfaces of the barrel body after heat treatment in the sixth step is performed, and a finished product barrel body is obtained. By adoption of the machining method of the high-quality large-diameter thin-wall barrel body to machine a large-diameter thin-wall metal barrel body without welding lines, organization is even and fine, comprehensive performance is high, the process is short, product additional values are high, and good application and popularizing prospects and certain economic and social benefits are achieved.