The invention discloses a multi-objective optimized overall workshop layout method based on a multi-population genetic algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, a multi-row linearworkshop layout mathematical model is established, and a functional area layout problem is converted into a combined optimization mathematical model problem; secondly, based on the optimization objective of minimum total material handling cost and maximum area utilization ratio of workshop layout, a precise workshop layout model is established by taking account of constraints including horizontaland vertical placement of main streets and functional areas, adaptive row spacing and the like of the manufacturing workshop, and multiple optimization objectives are converted into a single evaluation function with a weighting method; finally, solving is performed with the multi-population genetic algorithm, immigration operators are linked with populations in the solving process, information exchange and co-evolution of multi-population are achieved, different crossover and mutation probability parameters are set for different populations by crossover and mutation probability control formulae, and different search purposes are guaranteed. The total logistics handling cost of the workshop can be effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the workshop area is increased.