The invention discloses a configurable Internet of Things data acquisition system and a configuration method, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things. The Internet of Things data configuration method is configurable for system construction and supports modification, addition, deletion and other operations of information such as monitoring objects and data acquisition equipment, the data acquisition system can be rapidly built by using a variable template and the like. The Internet of Things data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition module, a system software module and an application software module. The system software module comprises a data transmission sub-module, a real-time library sub-module, a relation library sub-module, an alarm early warning information sub-module, a system configuration sub-module, a data interface sub-module, a system log sub-module and a remote control sub-module. The organization of functional data such as data storage, alarm early warning and data interfaces takes monitoring objects as the basis, data are stored in a real-time library in a hash mode, the data are stored in a relational library in a variable grouping mode,and the application of data in a system and a third-party application is facilitated.