Electrostatic spinning preparation method of cellulose nanofibers having hollow porous structures

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrospinning and provides an electrostatic spinning preparation method of cellulose nanofibers having hollow porous structures. The preparation method comprises dissolving a certain amount of cellulose in a DMAc / LiC solvent system, adding a certain amount of a metal salt into the system, carrying out uniform stirring to obtain a cellulose mixed solution, wherein a mass ratio of DMAc to LiC in the DMAc / LiC solvent system is 92: 8, putting the cellulose mixed solution into a syringe, carrying out spinning at an advance rate of 0.03 mL / min, respectively setting positive and negative voltages to 20 KV and -1 KV, wherein a rotating metal roller is used as a collection device and a certain concentration of an alkaline solution is used as a cellulose coagulation bath, and preparing the cellulose nanofibers having hollow porous structures. The preparation method utilizes a single-spinneret electrospinning one-step method to prepare the cellulose nanofibers having hollow porous structures, is free of after-treatment and is simple and efficient. The cellulose nanofibers having hollow porous structures have very high water passability and excellent mechanical properties and flexibility.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrospinning, in particular to a preparation method for electrospinning of cellulose nanofibers with a hollow porous structure. Background technique [0002] One-dimensional nanomaterials have received more and more attention and research due to their excellent physical and optoelectronic properties. One-dimensional nanomaterials include nanorods, nanowires, hollow nanofibers, nanotubes, etc. Among them, hollow nanofibers have the advantages of high porosity and high specific surface area. At the same time, hollow nanofibers can provide sufficient active sites for physical and chemical reactions with the surrounding environment, thereby ensuring high-sensitivity activities and excellent kinetics, making hollow nanofibers ideal for scientific and engineering applications, such as adsorption, catalysis, electrochemistry have great application potential. [0003] Electrospinning is a new type of non-wo...

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Problems solved by technology

[0008] 1. The fiber obtained by electrospinning still needs to be calcined to obtain the hollow fiber. This step not only makes the preparation process of the material complicated and cumbersome, but also takes more time and consumes more energy.

[0009] 2. In the process of high-temperature calcination, the polymer matrix PVP is decomposed by high-temperature calcination, resulting in waste of materials

[0010] 3 During the high-temperature calcination process, the decomposition and volatilization of the polymer matrix PVP and the volatilization of the solvent inside the fiber will cause great pollution to the environment

[0011] 4 The polymer matrix PVP in this technology is a synthetic polymer material, which is made from fossil fuel raw materials such as petroleum. The raw materials are non-renewable and cannot be biodegraded, which is easy to cause damage to the environment.

[0012] 5Because after calcination, the polymer matrix is ​​completely decomposed, and what is obtained is pure Fe 2 o 3 fiber, lost the supporting role of PVP

[0016] 1. After obtaining PVAc fibers by electrospinning, it is necessary to spray ZnO on its surface and then calcinate to obtain ZnO hollow fibers. The preparation process of the material is cumbersome and complicated, which consumes time and energy

[0017] 2. In the process of high-temperature calcination, the polymer matrix PVAc is decomposed by high-temperature calcination, resulting in waste of materials

[0018] 3 During the high-temperature calcination process, the decomposition and volatilization of the polymer matrix PVAc and the volatilization of the solvent inside the fiber will cause great pollution to the environment

[0019] 4 The polymer matrix PVAc in this technology is a synthetic polymer material, which is made from fossil fuel raw materials such as petroleum. The raw material is non-renewable and cannot be biodegraded, and it is easy to cause damage to the environment.

[0020] 5 Because after calcination, the polymer matrix is ​​completely decomposed, and what is obtained is pure ZnO fiber, which loses the supporting effect of PVAc

The selected material bases are all synthetic polymers, and their raw materials are non-renewable and non-biodegradable, which is easy to cause damage to the environment

Moreover, polymer materials need to be removed by means of dissolution or calcination in subsequent steps, resulting in waste of materials

More importantly, during the high-temperature calcination process, the decomposition and volatilization of the polymer and the volatilization of the solvent inside the fiber will cause great pollution to the environment

Because after calcination, the polymer matrix is ​​completely decomposed, and the metal oxide fibers are obtained. Without the support of the polymer matrix, the mechanical properties and flexibility of the material will be relatively poor, which limits the application of the material in many fields.

The above problems limit the development and use of hollow nanofibers

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