Preparation method of polymer blend gradient functional composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a polymer blend gradient functional composite material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparation of a blend system: dispersing charged polymer micro-nanospheres in a solvent-free liquid polymer matrix Perform blending treatment to obtain a blend; 2) DC electric field drives to form a gradient structure: the blend is added between two energized positive and negative electrodes, and under the drive of a high-voltage DC electric field, the charged polymer micro-nanospheres are in the The liquid polymer matrix moves to the electrode with the opposite charge to form a gradient distribution, and the electric field is removed after the liquid polymer matrix is ​​solidified. In the present invention, the polymer long molecular chains are curled into micro-nano spheres and dispersed in another polymer matrix to reduce the processing viscosity and increase the phase separation speed. and gradient structures with gradient properties.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of new materials, in particular to a preparation method of a polymer blend gradient functional composite material. Background technique [0002] In nature, gradient structures are widely found in biological materials such as plant stems, animal bones and teeth. Some biological tissues with soft-hard gradients can act as "shock absorbers" when subjected to external shocks, protecting the fragile internal tissue structures by effectively transferring and dissipating energy. Grapefruit is one of the typical representatives with excellent damping properties. Studies have found that when a grapefruit falls from a high place, the 2-3cm thick grapefruit peel with a gradient porous structure can dissipate about 90% of the impact energy, thereby protecting the inner tissue These gradient microstructures bring inspiration to the preparation of high-performance damping materials. The construction of pol...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] At present, the reported preparation methods of polymer / polymer gradient materials are difficult to achieve effective production and application.

Whether it is a solution system or a molten system, the diffusion and movement speed of molecular chains is very slow, and it takes a long time to complete phase separation to produce a gradient structure. Diffusion of components, but the extra time required for solvent volatilization is not enough to make up for the time saved by diffusion, and it is difficult to obtain thicker gradient membrane materials (generally at the micron level) by solution methods. In the gradient method prepared by melting method driven by external field, For example, in melt extrusion, relying on shear force to achieve gradient layering, it also faces problems such as difficult phase separation due to entanglement of the molecular chains of the two components, low gradient span of gradient layer component concentration, and small gradient layer thickness (such as melting Extrusion gradient gradient layer thickness can only appear in the micron range), and melt extrusion cannot construct a thermosetting polymer gradient polymer system

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