Heavy oil hydrogenation method and hydrogenation system

Abstract

The invention relates to a heavy oil hydrogenation method and a hydrogenation system. The heavy oil hydrogenation method comprises the steps of mixing heavy oil, circulation oil, a valcanizer and a catalyst, performing hydrocracking on the heavy oil, the circulation oil, the valcanizer, the catalyst and hydrogen in a first reactor to form a first reaction product, allowing part of first reaction product to return to the first reactor, performing hydrocracking on the rest of the first reaction product in a second reactor to form a second reaction product, dividing the second reaction product into a light component and a heavy component, returning part of the heavy component to the second reactor, separating the rest of the heavy component to form distillate oil as the circulation oil, and hydrofining the light component in a third reactor to form a light oil product. The method improves heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency, ensures retention time of the material in the reactors, and increases a heavy oil conversion rate and a light oil yield. According to the hydrogenation system for the method, internal members of the reactors are simplified, and equipment investment and operation energy consumption are reduced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of fuel chemical industry, and particularly relates to a method for producing light oil by hydrocracking heavy oil as a raw material and a hydrogenation system thereof. Background technique [0002] Deep processing of heavy oil mainly refers to the processing of residual oil, which is one of the most complex systems in the world. Most of the impurities in crude oil, such as sulfur, nitrogen, metallic nickel, metallic vanadium, and asphaltenes, are concentrated in residual oil. Especially sour crude oil is often accompanied by high metal content (vanadium, nickel, etc.) and asphaltene content, which makes the deep processing of sour crude oil residue more difficult and complicated, and the yield of light liquid products is low and of poor quality. Therefore, the efficient transformation of inferior heavy oil into clean light oil is the core of the development of refining technology at home and abroad. [0003] The pri...

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Problems solved by technology

This process method can realize the upgrading of low-quality heavy oil, but the first reactor of this method uses a dispersed catalyst, and the second reactor uses a supported catalyst. The catalyst particles brought out of the first reactor are easy to block the second reactor. The pores of the heavy-duty catalyst or the active center of the covering catalyst will cause the deactivation of the catalyst and affect the operation cycle of the whole process

[0005] Slurry bed reactors and ebullating bed reactors have long been used in the direct coal liquefaction process, but the existing technology uses slurry bed reactors in the form of internal circulation, which is easy to control the temperature and has high mass transfer efficiency. However, there must be a space at the top of the reactor to provide gas-liquid separation, and the gas-liquid ratio of the reactor should not be too high, otherwise the gas-liquid separation will not be complete, which will easily cause problems such as evacuation of the circulating pump, and the internal components in the reactor are complicated

[0006] Germany’s IGOR+ coal direct liquefaction process and Japan’s NEDOL liquefaction process use liquefaction reactors in the form of bubbling beds. This type of reactor is simple in form and basically has no internal components, but has a large gas retention coefficient and low utilization rate. To ensure sufficient The residence time often needs to set up three reactors

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