Labor-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving whole-process mechanized planting method for double-cropping multiple-cropping cotton

Abstract

The invention discloses a labor-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving whole-process mechanized planting method for double-cropping multiple-cropping cotton. The method comprises the followingsteps: one-time mechanical sowing: no-tillage shallow-rotation stubble cleaning, sowing line cleaning, single-grain fine sowing, depth measurement and fertilization, straw mulching, pre-emergence weeding and other operations are completed at a time by using a machine; whole-process machine management: thinning, filling, pruning, branching and topping are not needed, and drone operation is adoptedfor fertilizer spraying, pesticide spraying, chemical regulation, defoliation and ripening acceleration; one-time mechanical collection is achieved; labor is saved by 60%. The reasonable densification, one-time special controlled-release fertilizer and drone fertilizer spraying are performed, so that the fertilizer is saved by 50%. An insect-resistant variety, a food-calling attractant biopesticide, an insecticidal lamp and a drone are adopted for pesticide application, and 40% of pesticide is saved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that forty percent of labor, fiftypercent of chemical fertilizer and sixty percent of chemical pesticide are used under the two-cropping multiple cropping condition, the whole-process mechanical operation is performed, the yield of 100 percent of cotton is obtained, the labor and the cost can be greatly reduced, the non-point source pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, and the mechanical rate, the resource utilization rate and the cotton planting benefit are improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton planting, and in particular relates to a whole-process mechanized planting method for double-ripening multi-cropping cotton, which saves labor, fertilizer and medicine. Background technique [0002] Cotton is an important agricultural product related to the national economy and people's livelihood in my country and a raw material for the cotton spinning industry, and its output accounts for 20-35% of the world's total output. Among the three major cotton areas in the northwest inland of my country, the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin, the double-cropping cotton fields account for about 80% and 20% of the cotton fields in the Yangtze River Basin cotton area and the Yellow River Basin cotton area, respectively. But there are following problems in the existing double cropping and multiple cropping cotton planting mode and technology: [0003] One is that the existing cotton field plant...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Conventional fertilizers and conventional fertilization methods for double cropping cotton production in the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin include 3-5 times of base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, bud fertilizer, flower boll fertilizer and capping fertilizer. The following problems exist: First, the frequency of fertilization It is difficult to meet the needs of light and simplified mechanized cultivation; secondly, it is difficult to master the fertilization technology, and there are blind excessive fertilization, unreasonable fertilization methods and periods, etc., low fertilizer efficiency and heavy non-point source pollution ; The third is that in the conventional technology, there are a large number of fertilization periods overlapping with high-incidence periods such as drought, rain and floods, resulting in the inability to topdress or fertilizer damage and reduce production.

However, these methods are applicable to the single-cooking cotton in Xinjiang cotton area. The climate characteristics, soil conditions, planting system, suitable cotton varieties, pests and weeds in Xinjiang cotton area are very different from those in the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. Its core cultivation techniques mainly include reasonable close planting, wide film mulching, drip irrigation under film, water and fertilizer integration, mechanization, etc., which are difficult to be replicated by other cotton areas.