48 results about "Stubble-mulching" patented technology

The invention discloses a field returning method based on straw covering and reinforced decomposition fertilizer preparation, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling and soil improvement. By constructing a straw-biochar-decomposition agent composite functional system, integrating physical coverage and a biodegradation mechanism, agricultural wastes are used as raw materials to prepare a porous biochar carrier, and the porous biochar carrier has a high specific surface area and a multi-stage pore structure, so that the microbial inoculum loading capacity and the nutrient retention capacity are remarkably improved, and the microbial inoculum decomposition efficiency is improved. The composite decomposition microbial inoculum and concentrated biogas slurry are stabilized by combining an atomization loading technology, efficient decomposition and nutrient slow release of straws are realized, and meanwhile, the forming stability is enhanced by utilizing a degradable adhesive, so that the field applicability and durability of the material are improved.

A combined seeder for full straw mulching condition operation includes a frame, where a seeding and fertilizing mechanism is arranged above the frame, a pre-sowing pressing mechanism is arranged below the frame, a mechanical transmission mechanism is arranged in the middle of the frame, the two ends of the mechanical transmission mechanism are respectively connected with the furrowing mechanism and the vertical rotary tillage mechanism, the vertical rotary tillage mechanism is arranged in front of the frame, and the furrowing mechanism and a seeding profiling mechanism are arranged behind the frame. Th combined seeder for full straw mulching condition operation can complete the strip vertical rotation, crushed soil leveling, side deep fertilization, pre-sowing suppression, strip monomer profiling sowing in clean areas, and other processes in one operation under the full straw mulching condition, which greatly improves the operation efficiency and alleviates the problem of the tension of crop rotation.

The invention provides a protective farming method suitable for black soil in a wind and water erosion staggered area and application of the protective farming method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement. The method comprises the following steps that before crops are planted, black soil in the wind and water erosion interlaced area is subjected to deep scarification, the ground surface is completely covered with straw, and the use amount of the straw is 100% of the straw biomass of previous crops. Through optimal combination of an integrated cultivation mode and straw coverage, a soil physical structure, organic carbon components and microbial activity are comprehensively regulated and controlled, a soil quality evaluation system containing physical, chemical and microbial indexes is constructed, and synchronous improvement of black soil quality and corn yield in a wind and water erosion staggered region is realized; and a technical support is provided for protection and sustainable agriculture of black soil in the wind and water erosion interlaced area.

The utility model provides a pushing and pressing type double-row straw returning machine. The pushing and pressing type double-row straw returning machine comprises a grass raking disc, a grass raking disc bearing seat, a lower rack, an upper rack, a main rack, a lifting oil cylinder, a compressed spring shaft, a compressed spring, a front support, a right-angle clamp and a supporting plate. During operation, the device is installed at the front counter weight position of a tractor, lifting of the device is controlled by a lifting oil cylinder of the returning machine, the raking disc rotates under lateral force in the advancing direction, straw is distributed to the two sides through elastic teeth on the raking disc, straw returning is achieved, and the working angle of the raking disc is determined by adjusting the mounting hole position of the supporting plate, and the position of the front support is adjusted. And determining the straw returning width. The machine is a breakthrough of a mechanization technology in the whole process of protective farming, and solves the problem of seeding under full-amount straw coverage.

The invention discloses an image preprocessing and deep learning fused post-tillage soil surface straw identification method, and relates to the technical field of image identification, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting a post-tillage soil surface image, and carrying out the preprocessing; s2, inputting the preprocessed image into an improved recognition model, and performing straw feature extraction and segmentation; and S3, outputting a model segmentation result, and calculating the straw coverage rate. According to the method, a prior image is generated based on a fixed threshold segmentation method of color distance, soil background interference is reduced, an improved recognition model is designed, and the precision and robustness of straw segmentation are improved.

This invention discloses a vertical adaptive contour-following straw clearing and covering device for hilly sloping farmland, comprising a dual air spring adaptive contour-following suspension, a vertical straw clearing attitude adjustment mechanism, an umbrella-shaped linkage straw clearing radius stepless adjustment mechanism, and a passive contour-following elastic covering device. The straw clearing mechanism mainly consists of an umbrella-shaped linkage radius adjustment drive cylinder, an umbrella-shaped linkage low-wear angle adjustment slider, and a straw clearing spring tooth assembly, used for continuous stepless adjustment of the straw clearing operation radius and synchronous high-precision control of the spring tooth operation angle, completing the directional throwing and clearing of straw in the seed strip. The contour-following suspension mechanism mainly uses two sets of symmetrically arranged adaptive contour-following springs and contour-following rods to achieve adaptive contour-following of undulating hilly terrain and adjust the operating height of the device. The attitude adjustment mechanism drives the attitude adjustment swing shaft to deflect through a built-in angle drive motor, precisely controlling the straw throwing path. The passive contour-following elastic covering device uses a passive contour-following buffer spring and telescopic rod structure to drive the covering shovel to adaptively conform to the ground surface, adjust the covering amount, and prevent straw from slipping back into the seed strip during sloping operations. During operation, the device cleans the seedbed on the straw-covered no-till surface through the straw-cleaning mechanism, while the covering soil device simultaneously covers and fixes the straw with topsoil. The entire process of straw cleaning, terrain shaping, posture adjustment, and anti-slip covering is completed in one operation, providing a stable and qualified seedbed environment for no-till sowing.

1. Name of the design product: straw covering device (efficient for agricultural planting). 2. Use of the design product: the design product is mainly used for straw crushing, covering, compaction, preliminary tillage, weed cleaning and surface leveling operation in land operation in agricultural production process, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. 3. Design points of the design product: in shape. 4. Picture or photo best indicating the design points: bottom view.

The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a straw covering interlaced subsoiling topdressing machine for corn planting, which comprises an advancing mechanism, a plurality of air pumps are fixedly mounted in an inner cavity of the advancing mechanism at equal intervals, and a fixing pipe is fixedly mounted at the output end of each air pump; a corrugated pipe is arranged on the side, away from the corresponding air pump, of each fixed pipe, a movable pipe is arranged on the side, away from the corresponding fixed pipe, of each corrugated pipe, the left side and the right side of the output end of each movable pipe communicate with two symmetrical sleeves, and a slope block is slidably arranged in an inner cavity of each sleeve; when the device is used for topdressing, sprayed fertilizer particles can be uniformly distributed on inclined planes on two sides of a V-shaped groove by virtue of a swinging discharge end pipeline; meanwhile, special treatment is carried out when spraying is carried out on the top areas of the two sides of the V-shaped groove, so that fertilizer particles can also be uniformly distributed in the relatively dry areas of the tops of the two sides of the V-shaped groove.

The application discloses a kind of estimation methods, devices, equipment and medium of field straw covering quantity, it is related to farmland conservation tillage technical field, comprising: according to the corresponding relationship of different spectral bands and vegetation index, the index value of different spectral bands corresponding to each sampling point is obtained, the correlation of the index value of different spectral bands corresponding to each sampling point and the straw covering quantity of corresponding sampling point is determined;The straw covering quantity of each sampling point is sorted from small to large, and the sampling point with strong correlation is selected and the index value of corresponding different spectral bands is used to train random forest model;The index value of different spectral bands corresponding to each sampling point in the field research area is input into the model for estimating straw covering quantity to obtain the straw covering quantity of each sampling point;And the average of the straw covering quantity of each sampling point is used as the field straw covering quantity.The application can accurately estimate the straw covering quantity of whole farmland.

The invention discloses a corn stubble no-tillage drought-resistant planting method which comprises the following steps: for challenges of broken terrain, heavy soil, frequent winter and spring drought and the like in southwest hills and mountains, efficient drought-resistant planting of corn is realized through simplification, intelligentization and ecologicalization integration. The method comprises the core steps that a hilly terrace with the gradient smaller than or equal to 25 degrees is selected, 20-30 cm stubbles are reserved, and shallow rotation is conducted for 5-8 cm in depth; a drought-resistant seed coating agent containing potassium polyacrylate is adopted to coat the middle and early maturing corn variety; a light-weight no-tillage planter is used for synchronously applying high-molecular water-absorbent resin particles, and the planting density is controlled to be 3500-4000 plants per mu; implementing a strip-shaped ridge cleaning and half-covering mode; directional weeding, shallow loosening and topdressing, pest prevention and control and a three-year-one-turning crop rotation system are combined; after harvesting, standing stalks, airing, reserving stubbles, and covering and returning straws to the field; according to the method, the adaptability and safety of seeding operation are improved, the emergence rate is increased through water cooperative regulation and control, the field ecological balance is optimized, and the yield and soil sustainability are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a wheat no-tillage planter suitable for protective farming, which comprises a profiling rack, the profiling rack comprises a plurality of rack connecting plates and three rack cross beams, the plurality of rack connecting plates and the three rack cross beams are connected with each other through a quick release assembly, and the rack connecting plates are connected with the three rack cross beams through quick release assemblies; a plurality of locking fixing plates are installed on the outer portion of the rack cross beam on the left side through the quick release assembly, and a profiling rack front connecting rod is rotationally connected between every two adjacent locking fixing plates. Through the unique seedling strip cleaning and no-tillage technology, the blocking problem of a high-straw-coverage land parcel is effectively solved. Meanwhile, an innovative seed-fertilizer vertical separate application technology is adopted, and the fertilizer is deeply applied under the seeds, so that the phenomenon of seedling burning is thoroughly avoided, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. According to the operation mode, earth surface straw coverage is effectively reserved, soil moisture evaporation is remarkably reduced, water retention and soil moisture conservation are achieved, the drought resistance capacity is outstanding, and a guarantee is provided for achieving high and uniform seedling emergence.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement methods, and discloses a clayey soil improvement method which comprises the following stages: S1-S4. Through a synergistic improvement mode, the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, the content of heavy metals in the soil is reduced, the hardening rebound rate is reduced, meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to a suitable range of 6.0-7.5, and the comprehensive improvement effect is remarkable; meanwhile, contour line operation, multi-ditch drainage, straw covering and the like are arranged, so that the device can adapt to mountainous and hilly terrains and rainy and high-humidity climate in the southwest, and water and soil loss and modifier loss are effectively prevented; ecological materials such as bamboo fibers, earthworms and straws are adopted, so that the dosage of chemical reagents is greatly reduced, secondary pollution is avoided, and adverse effects are reduced after leaching agent residues are subjected to drainage and biodegradation; an improved closed loop is formed through later measures such as crop rotation, regular compensation and improvement, permeability maintenance and the like, rebounding after short-term effectiveness is avoided, and the improvement effect is effectively prolonged.

The invention provides a double-sand fertile soil planting method for constructing a root zone microdomain environment in extremely severe saline-alkali cultivated land, which comprises the following steps: laying drip irrigation belts and mulching films on ridge surfaces, punching planting holes, spraying a salt blocking agent to the inner walls and the bottoms of the planting holes, laying crop planting substrates at the bottoms, and flushing to form planting pits; paving a mixed material of fine sand and bentonite in the planting pits, sowing seeds of high-stalk saline-alkaline tolerant crops, and covering the seeds with the fine sand; straws of high-stalk saline-alkaline tolerant crops are harvested to cover the furrows; seeds of the dwarf saline-alkaline tolerant crops are sown on the ridge surfaces, and straws of the dwarf saline-alkaline tolerant crops are harvested and aired on the ridge surfaces; finally, the two kinds of crop straw and the materials in the planting holes are ploughed into the soil together, and after irrigation in winter, double-sand fertile soil planting for constructing the root zone microdomain environment of the extremely severe saline-alkali cultivated land is completed. The invention further provides application of the method, and the method is used for promoting soil improvement of the extremely severe saline-alkali cultivated land, has salt-isolating and water-retaining effects, improves crop adaptability and emergence rate and reduces soil improvement cost.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology and agricultural engineering, in particular to an orchard soil ecology improvement and optimization method based on microbial fertilizer, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting root zone soil layer by layer in a fruit tree dormancy period, and diagnosing physicochemical properties and microbial community structures; a composite microbial fertilizer mainly containing bacillus megatherium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is customized; an intelligent combined tillage implement integrating a soil real-time sensing unit, an onboard controller and a hydraulic adjusting mechanism is adopted, and deep scarification parameters and the fertilization amount are adjusted through diagnosis data and real-time signals; after root zone operation, rotary tillage is conducted between rows of the whole garden, decomposed organic materials are mixed, a straw covering layer is laid, and a liquid fungicide rich in photosynthetic bacteria is sprayed; and a bacterial fertilizer diluent is dressed through drip irrigation in the young shoot growing period and the fruit expanding period of the fruit trees. The problems that an existing orchard soil improvement measure is single in function, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is low, and soil-borne diseases cannot be inhibited for a long time are solved.

The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and more particularly to a soybean row active anti-blocking driving and pulling combined weeder, comprising a three-point suspension frame, a plurality of combined weeding monomers suspended from the rear end of the three-point suspension frame, and two ground wheel assemblies installed on the left and right, wherein the combined weeding monomer is composed of a four-bar profiling device, a mounting rack, an active straw driving device, a weeding device, a seedling protection device and a grass-soil separation device. The present application provides a suspension traction type weeder integrating row weeding, straw disturbance and throwing, and grass-soil separation, which realizes efficient, low-consumption and environmentally-friendly mechanized weeding under straw covering conditions through multi-system collaborative innovation, so as to improve the weeding efficiency under the condition of straw covering, water and entropy preservation, and has significant advantages in efficient weeding, crop protection, strong adaptability, anti-blocking design, precise control, environmental benefits and economic benefits, etc., and provides an advanced and reliable mechanical solution for soybean field management.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a complex microbial inoculant for relieving phosphorus deficiency in the seedling stage of corn covered with straw and application of the complex microbial inoculant. Bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and pseudomonas fluorescens are compounded into the complex microbial inoculant, saccharomycetes secrete IAA and siderophores to promote the root development of seedlings, through domestication culture, the adaptability of the microbial inoculum in a straw-covered low-temperature environment is enhanced, the activation capacity on phosphorus is improved, the phosphorus nutrition level is synergistically improved in cooperation with bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens can enhance the resistance of the seedlings to low-temperature stress, and the survival rate of the seedlings is increased. Soil-borne pathogenic bacteria which cannot be effectively inhibited by some soil florae are specifically inhibited, the influence of harmful bacteria on the activation effect of phosphorus is reduced, the three strains are matched to remarkably improve the content of rapidly available phosphorus in soil, reduce the incidence rate of phosphorus deficiency symptoms and improve the stress resistance and growth indexes in the corn seedling stage, and the compound microbial agent is suitable for a straw covering cultivation mode.

The application is a barley saline-alkali tolerant land cultivation method based on water-salt synergistic regulation and rhizosphere micro-ecological optimization, discloses a barley saline-alkali tolerant six-dimensional closed loop cultivation technical system for sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, and specifically has the following contents: 1. hierarchical composite improvement: according to the soil conductivity and pH value, the mild saline-alkali area is improved by straw mulching and slow-release humic acid-calcium alginate granular fertilizer surface layer improvement; the moderate and severe saline-alkali area is improved by double-layer deep ploughing barrier breaking, deep application of gypsum combined with salt-removing functional bacteria biochar-based microbial inoculant, and salt-alkali obstacle is synergistically reduced. 2. whole-process adaptive regulation: the variety carrying HvNHX1 / HvSOS1 salt-tolerant molecular marker is selected, and the resistance is activated by the coating of fenhexamid-chitosan oligosaccharide-nano selenium; the double-mode irrigation of "drip irrigation + shallow buried infiltration irrigation" is matched, the salt threshold value is established to trigger leaching; the rhizosphere is strengthened by silicon-based amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and green prevention and control is integrated. The technology can increase yield by 32.5% to 48.7% in moderate saline-alkali land, can reduce salt and improve soil year by year, is suitable for large-scale production in main saline-alkali areas, and has significant application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention provides a winter rape straw mulching no-tillage direct seeding planting method which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting straws on the earth surface of a to-be-planted area, ditching on the earth surface of the to-be-planted area, and constructing a planting bed; (2) precisely sowing on the planting bed, and covering the straw collected in the step (1) on the surface. The three-layer structure of the subsoil layer, the seed layer and the straw covering layer is innovatively constructed, and the problem of'high seedlings' caused by seed suspension in the traditional straw returning mode is effectively solved. According to the method, the straw covering layer is used for preserving heat and soil moisture and inhibiting weed and bird damage, meanwhile, the subsoil layer is used for ensuring that seed implantation is stable, the emergence rate and the overwintering survival rate of the oilseed rape are remarkably increased, and cooperation of straw resource utilization and high yield and high efficiency of the oilseed rape in the rice-oil rotation cropping mode is achieved.

The present application relates to cultivated land diagnosis and repair system, more specifically, cultivated land quality degradation intelligent diagnosis and adaptive repair system based on multi-source perception. In view of the problem that the existing cultivated land repair relies on artificial experience and cannot adaptively adjust the repair strategy according to the degradation degree, the system collects soil conductivity, pH, compactness, moisture content and spectral data in real time through a multi-source sensor array, calculates the cultivated land health index CHI by the on-board fusion computing controller, determines the health, light and moderate degradation and severe degradation of three grades according to the CHI value, and automatically matches the corresponding adaptive repair strategy: light and moderate degradation executes shallow deep loosening and synchronous spreading of organic fertilizer, and sprays microbial inoculum after 3 to 7 days; Severe degradation executes double-layer deep loosening, green manure seeding and straw mulching. After the repair operation for a crop growth period, the system retests CHI and calculates the improvement rate, and when the improvement rate is insufficient, the repair intensity is automatically improved and the next round of repair is entered.

This invention relates to the field of agricultural data analysis, and particularly to a method for synergistically improving soil fertility and productivity through full coverage of corn straw. The method includes: acquiring a synchronous multidimensional time-series data set of the full corn straw cover layer and the underlying soil; performing cross-interface hydrothermal inversion transport resistance analysis to obtain a retardation attenuation coefficient; performing pore evolution discrete phase space curvature analysis on the volumetric water content sequence of the straw cover layer to obtain a curvature compensation factor; obtaining the actual decomposition driving dependent variable by fusing and reconstructing the original soil hydrothermal comprehensive driving dependent variable, the retardation attenuation coefficient, and the curvature compensation factor; and obtaining fertilization decision instructions by calculating the cumulative decomposition process and assessing the fertilizer demand gap based on the actual decomposition driving dependent variable. This solves the problem that existing straw decomposition process prediction algorithms cannot accurately characterize the interfacial hydrothermal inversion and internal water-locking inertia between the cover layer and the underlying soil, leading to misalignment of fertilization decision nodes and dosages.

The invention provides a protective cultivation method suitable for northeast ridge cultivation areas and application of the protective cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. According to the method, traditional ridge cultivation and protective cultivation are organically combined, and four core links of straw smashing, covering and overwintering in autumn, ridge keeping, stubble cleaning and sowing in spring, water storage, cold dispelling, hole forming and intertillage in the seedling stage and intertillage and hilling in the growth period are included. According to the method, the contradiction between large soil disturbance and serious wind erosion and water erosion of conventional ridge culture and low ground temperature and poor drainage capacity in spring of straw full-coverage protective culture is effectively solved; the comprehensive effects of remarkably improving the ground temperature in spring, enhancing the drought-resisting and waterlogging-preventing capacity, reducing water and soil loss, improving the soil structure, reducing the operation cost and improving the crop yield are achieved, and the method is particularly suitable for northeast China ridge culture areas.

The invention provides a slope cropland equal-height strip-shaped straw covering corrosion prevention and soil moisture conservation method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural water and soil conservation. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of continuous hedgerow belts are arranged in parallel along the contour line of slope farmland according to set vertical slope length intervals, and a slope surface is divided into a plurality of equal-height planting strips; crushing previous crop straws according to a preset straw returning amount, and uniformly spreading the crushed previous crop straws on the earth surface of the equal-height planting strips between the adjacent hedgerow strips to form a straw covering layer; before crops are sown, straw in the equal-height planting strips is returned to the two sides through a straw returning machine, and continuous no-tillage planting strips are cleaned out; in the no-tillage planting belt, a no-tillage planter is adopted to complete ditching, seeding, fertilizing, earthing and compacting operations of crops. Through the structural configuration that the equal-height strip-shaped straw covering belts are matched with belt-cleaning no-tillage sowing, the roughness and coverage of the slope surface are remarkably improved, raindrop splash erosion and slope surface confluence are weakened, infiltration is enhanced, and then corrosion prevention, soil moisture conservation and stable yield are achieved.

The invention discloses a dry land tomato cultivation method with straw and mulching film space complementary covering, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: covering whole corn straw strips (with the width of 90cm and the interval of 50cm) in autumn and winter on the basis of previous crops of corn, adjusting the straw covering strips to 50cm and the uncovered width to 90cm in the next spring, performing rotary tillage and fertilization in the interval rows without covering the straw, laying a mulching film with the width of 50cm, planting tomatoes on two sides of the mulching film, paving redundant straw in the wide rows, and covering the wide rows with the mulching film with the width of 50cm after the tomatoes are planted on the two sides of the mulching film. And a spatial pattern of narrow-row plastic film mulching-wide-row straw mulching is constructed. The narrow-row mulching film can preserve soil moisture and increase temperature in spring and promote early emergence of seedlings, and the wide-row straws can cool, inhibit weeds and fertilize in summer, the advantages of the narrow-row mulching film and the wide-row straws complement each other and cooperatively regulate and control the hydrothermal condition of soil, the contradiction between soil moisture conservation in spring and cooling in summer is solved, high-yield, high-quality and sustainable production of open-field tomatoes in semi-arid and semi-humid areas is realized, and the method has both ecological and economic benefits.

The application discloses a corn conservation tillage coupled diversified mulching crop planting mode and a matching device, belongs to the technical field of conservation tillage planting, and comprises a rack system, wherein the rack system comprises a main beam and a fixing plate, the upper end of the fixing plate is installed at the lower end of the main beam, a crushing device is installed at the lower end of the fixing plate, a collecting device is installed at the front end of the crushing device along the running direction of the equipment, a plurality of groups of the collecting device are arranged, the plurality of groups of the collecting device are installed at the front end of the crushing device, a conveying device is installed at the lower end of the crushing device, and the conveying device extends to the rear side of the rack system; the straw mulching and diversified mulching crop cooperative planting mode can significantly enhance the soil erosion resistance, effectively utilize the light and heat resources, promote the input of diversified organic matters and the nutrient circulation, optimize the soil ecological environment, improve the microbial community diversity, and improve the soil health condition, thereby providing an effective way for building a healthy tillage layer.

The application provides a corn straw coverage remote sensing estimation method and system based on spectral geometric features, and relates to the field of image processing, which comprises the following steps: acquiring multispectral remote sensing images and extracting each pixel reflectance data; mapping the reflectance to wavelength-reflectance two-dimensional space to obtain spectral discrete points; selecting three wave bands to construct a spectral triangle, and calculating the geometric indexes such as the area, perimeter and angle of the triangle; and taking the geometric indexes as input variables to substitute into an estimation model to obtain the corn straw coverage estimation value. The application converts the traditional characterization method depending on the reflectance amplitude into the structured expression of the spectral curve geometric shape, and effectively weakens the interference of soil moisture change on the spectral response. Experiments show that the Pearson correlation coefficient of the geometric index and the straw coverage is up to 0.93, and the application has higher robustness and generalization ability in a complex farmland environment.

An agricultural stubble mulching machine comprising a roller assembly having at least three blade sets extending transversely side by side thereacross, each of said blade sets having a plurality of transversely disposed blades substantially evenly spaced around the circumference of said roller assembly, wherein the blades of at least some of said blade sets are disposed staggered relative to each other so as to alternately operate as said roller assembly rotates.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil organic carbon remote sensing mapping, and discloses a soil organic carbon mapping method for reducing straw coverage interference. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring and processing a remote sensing image to obtain a bare soil window period image, a crop growth period image and a multi-temporal median synthesis image; calculating the straw coverage and various spectral indexes of the to-be-analyzed area; extracting a soil end member spectrum, synthesizing a soil end member image, and performing principal component analysis; and based on the straw coverage, adaptively selecting an estimation strategy to construct a soil organic carbon estimation model, and outputting a soil organic carbon spatial distribution diagram. According to the soil organic carbon mapping method, the interference of the straw in the area with the straw coverage of 20-50% on soil organic carbon estimation is effectively solved, and the mapping accuracy is improved. According to the method, the influence of straw coverage on SOC estimation can be greatly reduced, the SOC estimation precision under protective farming measures is improved, and technical support is provided for protection of soil resources and agricultural sustainable utilization.

The invention discloses a no-tillage finger-clamping type precision fertilizing and seeding machine and an intelligent control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The seeder comprises a rack, a traction mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a seeding mechanism, a land wheel and a transmission mechanism, the system is characterized by further comprising an intelligent monitoring system and a variable mouth fertilizer applying system, the fertilizing mechanism adopts a lateral deep fertilizing mode; the seeding mechanism adopts a finger clamping type seed sowing device and is connected through a parallel four-connecting-rod profiling mechanism; a V-shaped hollow rubber wheel type compacting machine and a straw cleaning mechanism composed of a weed pulling wheel and a stubble removing disc are further arranged. Through cooperation of a mechanical structure and intelligent control, the problem of blockage under high straw coverage is effectively solved, single-grain precise seeding and precise variable fertilization under high-speed operation are achieved, and the intelligent precise seeding and fertilization device has the advantages of being high in seeding and fertilization precision, intelligent in monitoring, high in adaptability and reliable in operation quality; and the device is particularly suitable for no-tillage seeding operation of a corn straw full-coverage land.

The application provides a soil improvement method and a corn seeding method based on the vertical tillage principle, wherein straw is crushed, all the straw is returned to the field and uniformly scattered on the ground surface; combined soil preparation is carried out, and deep scarification and harrowing are sequentially carried out, the deep scarification depth reaches the plough pan, and the harrowing operation rakes part of the straw into the soil; two vertical tillage operations are carried out, part of the straw is mixed into the soil after the operation, and part of the straw is left to cover the ground surface. The soil water holding capacity can be significantly improved, the formation of large aggregates is promoted, the soil penetration resistance is reduced, the soil compaction is reduced, and the soil water erosion is reduced; and the corn seeding method provided by the application can promote the growth of the above-ground part and the root system of crops and significantly improve the crop yield.

The invention discloses a planting method based on wheat strip deep ploughing and straw row returning, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. According to the method, aiming at the problems of poor seeding quality, soil degradation and the like caused by a traditional straw returning mode, straw shunting, fertilization, strip deep ploughing (greater than or equal to 25cm), pressing before seeding, precise wide and narrow row seeding and pressing after seeding are completed at one time through a core agriculture combining straw row covering and strip stubble cleaning and deep ploughing in cooperation with an integrated special machine. According to the method, a straw-free stubble cleaning environment is created in seeding rows, and the seeding quality and the emergence rate are greatly improved; the inter-row straw coverage has the functions of preserving soil moisture and regulating temperature; the strip deep ploughing breaks the plow pan, improves the soil structure and promotes the root system to prick downwards. The wheat yield is remarkably increased (by 8.81%-12.47%) while the ecological benefit of straw returning to the field is guaranteed, the production cost is reduced, and the cost is saved and the efficiency is increased by 215.44 yuan / mu.