103 results about "Stubble-mulching" patented technology

The invention discloses a protective garlic cultivation method, which includes: preforming no tillage for moisture sides of soil with preceding crop straw clipped, and digging an irrigation and drainage ditch between two moisture sides. Garlic serves as the main crop, broad bean or pea serves as the auxiliary crop, a main crop area is 160cm in breadth, an auxiliary crop area is 40cm in breadth, the two areas are 20cm away from each other, a no-tillage garlic hill-drop planter is used to drill holes for planting garlic, spacing in rows and spacing between rows of garlic are 5cmX5cm, spacing inrows and spacing between rows of the auxiliary crop are 10cmX10cm, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer serve as base fertilizer for the main crop, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer serve as the base fertilizer for the auxiliary crop, the surface of the soil is covered with straws after seeding, and the main crop is topdressed with nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer. By the method, garlic yield is increased greatly by 15%, microbial activity and organic content of the soil are increased by 15% and 12% respectively, income is increased by 26%,nitrate nitrogen in penetrating water of the soil is reduced by 66%, accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is reduced by 22%, and loss of total nitrogen is reduced by 77%.

The invention relates to a method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse, in particular to a method for hydroponic culture for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse under the condition of facility cultivation. The method comprises the following eight links: sunlight greenhouse construction, shallow pond lotus standardization pond construction, formula balanced fertilization, shallow pond lotus plant, stalk coverage and net fixing, shallow pond lotus management, hydroponic harvest, and storage and sales. The sunlight greenhouse shallow pond lotus cultivation can be appeared on the market in advance or later according to a market situation, so that not only is yield improved, but also the benefit is increased; a shallow pond is constructed for cultivating the shallow pond lotus, so that water and electricity can be saved, and the management and the harvest are favored; by using the method, stalk burning and the CO2 emission can be prevented, the resource advantage is integrated, the reutilization of agricultural wastes is promoted, the environment pollution is reduced, the labor and the effort are saved, the production and the income are increased, the harvest is favored, the yield and the quality of the shallow pond lotus are improved, and the economical and ecological benefits are obvious; and the yield of 666.67 m<2> is more than 4,800kg, so that not only is the yield high, but also the appearance in the market in advance or later is carried out according to the market situation, and the benefit is good.

The invention relates to a rainwater collection and water-saving irrigation pollution control system and method for a sloping field, wherein contour no-tillage straw mulching and contour plant hedgerow measures, rainwater collection cellars and gravity trickle irrigation equipment are comprised. The rainwater collection and water-saving irrigation pollution control method comprises the following steps of: designing 2-4 rainwater collection cellars from a slope top to a slope bottom according to the terrain of a river basin sloping field, wherein the sloping fields which is positioned above the rainwater collection cellars and subjected to the contour no-tillage straw mulching and contour plant hedgerow measures are taken as rainwater collection surfaces, and the rainwater collection cellars are mainly built in a semi-underground way, provided with two rainwater outlets along the ground and cellar bottoms and respectively connected with 2-4 gravity trickle irrigation equipment; and carrying out partitioning gravity trickle irrigation on sloping farmlands positioned below the rainwater collection cellars. The invention can effectively reduce the pollution of water losses and soil erosion on a water body by carrying out space-time integrated regulation and control on the water losses and soil erosion of the sloping field and the redistribution of collected rainwater according to the change of raining time and the characteristics of the sloping field, and solve the problem that the sloping field can not be irrigated in a dry season through the redistribution of the collected rainwater, thereby enhancing the multiple-cropping index and the output of crops of the sloping field; and in addition, the invention can be widely used for the integrated management and control of therainwater for the sloping fields in the southwest regions in China.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a rapid fertilization method for a newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field. Through the steps of basal application and improvement of farm manure, alternate layout arrangement of wide ridges and narrow ridges, combination of the narrow ridges and the wide ridges to conduct organic fertilizer fertilization, green manure fertilization, straw mulching fertilization and the like, a technology which is low in cost and easy to control is provided, agricultural application and ripening fertilization of yellow soil are organically combined together, normal production of farmers is not affected, the farmers can learn and understand the technology easily, operation is convenient, and land utilization and maintaining are truly and organically unified. By the adoption of the method, soil ripening fertilization work can be completed in three years altogether, the production operation of tobacco growers can be conducted continuously, and certain economic incomes of the tobacco growers can be guaranteed.

The invention provides an orchard straw and surface soil double-layer coverage mechanical operating method and a covering machine, and relates to the field of straw resource utilization and the field of agricultural machinery. Straw is cut into fragments, and an appropriate number of additives are added so that a coverage matrix can be formed. Plowing and cultivating are conducted on an orchard, the spaces between lines or plants of the orchard are covered with the straw coverage matrix through machines, and meanwhile thin soil covering and pressing are conducted on a straw covering layer. Two schemes are adopted for the covering machine. According to the first scheme, the covering machine at least comprises five mechanisms, namely, a trailer, a straw material box, a straw matrix spreading part, a soil plowing and cultivating part and a soil covering roller, wherein the orchard soil plowing and cultivating step, the straw matrix covering step and the thin soil covering and pressing step can be completed; according to the second scheme, the covering machine at least comprises four mechanisms, namely, a trailer, a straw material box, a straw matrix spreading part and a soil covering roller. The method and the covering machine are suitable for drought orchards and particularly suitable for dwarf stock apple orchard mechanical straw covering, the orchard grass planting technology can be replaced, grass suppression, soil moisture conversation and water saving are achieved, soil organic matters are increased, the soil temperature is regulated, the production cost is reduced, and the fruit yield and quality are improved.

The invention discloses a building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method. The building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method comprises the following steps:facility repairing; gully backfilling; protection of a soil discharge slope surface; in-situ improvement: spreading improved materials prepared by mixing on the surface of a dump, and mixing by loosening and raking; in-situ greening: planting tree species in an improved soil layer according to the spacing of 2-4 m; spraying bonding slurry containing mixed grass shrub seeds by using a spraying andsowing vehicle, and carrying out shallow consolidation on the disturbed surface layer; after shallow layer consolidation is finished, spreading straws on the surface to cover the surface; and maintenance management: carrying out seed supplement, seedling supplement, fertilization and pest control. The building aggregate mine in-situ soil improvement and greening method has the beneficial effects that based on scientific determination of plant species and rational allocation, recovery of vegetation of aggregate mine dumps in most of areas including arid and semi-arid areas, warm temperate zonesand subtropical and tropical areas in China can be met basically, and if measures of anti-seepage isolation, pollution control measures and the like are added reasonably, recovery of vegetation of special sites such as a nonferrous metal mine waste stone yard and landfill site can also be met.

The invention relates to an agricultural seeding machine, in particular to a straw crushing and inter-furrow collecting-mulching no-tillage seeder. A straw-crushing device, a guide device, a fertilizer discharging device, and a furrowing and seeding device are sequentially arranged on a rack from front to back. According to the guide device, a plurality of straw-crushing guide assemblies having installation positions capable of being horizontally adjusted are arranged on an adjustment crossbeam, are in a prow shape, and each consist of a rear vertical back plate formed with a fertilization port, and two front symmetrical oblique guide plates. Straw is orderly spread on straw mulching belts between seeding belts while being crushed within the working range, and thus, the seeding belts are free of straw obstacles. The straw crushing and inter-furrow collecting-mulching no-tillage seeder is high in working integrity, easy to assemble, and low in energy consumption.

The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation techniques, and relates to a cultivation method for crops, in particular to a furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for the crops. The method includes the steps of farmland selection, soil preparation, ditching, ridging, basal dressing, intercropping of plants among ridge surfaces according to specification layout, ridge surface straw mulching and furrow body film mulching after crop seeding, top dressing in the seedling stage and the fast-growing stage of the plants, and recovery of mulching film after harvest. The method overcomes shortcomings of straw mulching and film mulching, achieves sustainable production of the crops, reduces waste of agricultural resources and environmental pollution, improves rainfall infiltration, restrains soil evaporation, improves hydrothermal conditions of soil, improves the nutrient status of the plants due to nutrients provided by straw, protects cultivated land, prevents loss of water and fertilizer on the surface of the soil, improves yields of the crops, changes an existing mulching cultivation production method for the crops, and achieves the purpose of protective mulching cultivation.

The invention discloses a double-layer straw mulch-laying machine for an orchard and relates to the field of orchard machines. A trailer provided with a straw box is pulled by a tractor, a discharging roller is arranged on the bottom of the front portion of the interior of the straw box, a straw discharging outlet under the straw box is connected with a straw distributing pipe, a soil throwing device is hinged to the tractor and located below the straw distributing pipe, a soil throwing port of the soil throwing device inclines upwards and backwards and located below an outlet of the straw distributing pipe, the direction of the soil throwing port intersects with the direction of the outlet of the straw distributing pipe, the soil throwing device can rise and fall under the action of a lifting oil cylinder, and the straw box can tip forwards under the action of a dump oil cylinder. The machine can mulch the ground between the lines of the orchard with straw and cover the straw layer with thin soil, is suitable for conducting mechanical straw mulching in the orchard or other farmland areas, can achieve soil moisture retention, water saving, weed suppression, soil organic matter increasing, heat preservation, freezing prevention, soil texture improvement and soil microenvironment improvement, and is especially suitable for dwarf-stock orchards. By the adoption of the machine, straw mulching cost can be reduced, scale utilization of straw can be promoted, agriculture income increase is achieved, and efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for an orchard, and relates to the field of orchard machinery. The mulching machine is characterized in that a straw material box is mounted on the frame of the mulching machine; the bottom of the straw material box adopts a V-shaped structure; a discharge roller is arranged at a position above the bottom opening of the V-shaped structure; the chute body of a straw discharge chute below the bottom opening is inclined forwards and downwards; a covering roller is arranged in front of the bottom of the mulching machine and connected to a position below one side of the outlet of the straw discharge chute; the covering roller is positioned below the straw discharge chute; the covering roller can go up and down under the action of a hydraulic hoist cylinder. According to the self-propelled double-layer straw and surface soil mulching machine for the orchard, provided by the invention, ground among tree lines of the orchard can be covered with straws, and the straw layer is then covered with thin soil in a pressing manner, so that the mulching machine is suitable for mechanized straw mulching of orchards or other agricultural lands, has effects of preserving soil moisture, saving water, suppressing weeds, increasing organic matter content in soil, preserving heat and preventing freeze, improving soil property and soil microenvironments and the like, is particularly suitable for dwarfing rootstock apple orchards, can further reduce the straw mulching cost, promote the scale utilization of straws and can realize agricultural income increase and efficiency growth.

The invention discloses a field crop phenotype monitoring robot and a navigation method thereof. The robot comprises a vehicle body platform, a power supply device, a motion control device, an environment information sensor device and a crop growth information sensor device. The navigation method of the robot comprises the steps that the positions of GPS waypoints are pre-marked; coordinate conversion is carried out on geodetic coordinates of the waypoints and the route position and direction between the adjacent waypoints are calculated according to a waypoint sequence; real-time position andattitude information of the robot is acquired, and a lateral deviation and an angle deviation between the position and attitude of the robot and a route are calculated; and by analyzing influences offactors including the field straw coverage degree, the soil water content and the soil density on the wheel speed, a mathematical model of the influences of the straw and soil factors on the wheel speed is built, and a robot path tracking algorithm is established according to the model so as to realize inertial navigation deviation correction. The robot can realize real-time, accurate and high-throughput acquisition of crop growth information.

The invention discloses an erosion-reducing tillage method for slope soil. After the soil is turned over, seeds are sown, and then erosion of surface runoff to farmland soil is reduced by adopting a straw coverage method on a slope tillage land. The method comprises the following steps of: transversely covering the complete straws on the field ridges of the farmland, planting crops on two sides of the field ridges, covering soil on the local straws and pressing the soil. The straws have high storage quantity in rural areas, are easily obtained and can improve the physicochemical property of the soil when returned to the field. The construction project is simple, one-time construction can be reused for many years, the investment is low, and the ecological and economic benefits are remarkable.

The invention relates to a rice straw returning seeder and a corresponding rice straw returning seeding method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The seeder is mainly composed of a walking chassis, a straw cutting and conveying device, a straw shredding device, a seeding device and a smashed straw spraying device. Straw picking, cutting, conveying, shredding, seeding and smashed straw covering operation can be completed at a time. The corresponding method comprises the steps that long straw stubble and threshing discharge obtained after rice harvesting are cut and collected, and the smashed straw with the length not larger than 8 cm is obtained through cutting; then, crop seeds are sown on an inasaka stubble field in rows, and then the field surface is evenly covered with shredded straw. According to the rice straw returning seeder and the corresponding rice straw returning seeding method, the full quantity of rice straw can be returned to the field, so that environmental protection is facilitated, the seeding quality of afterreap crop (rice, oilseed rape and the like) can be improved, the yield is improved, and therefore good social and economic benefits can be obtained through usage and popularization of the rice straw returning seeder and the corresponding rice straw returning seeding method.

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to an interplanting and no-tillage planting method among corn, a soybean and a potato. The interplanting and no-tillage planting method among the corn, the soybean and the potato comprises the following steps of planting site selection, variety selection, planting mode selection, timely early sowing, paclobutrazol seed dressing, straw covering, weed prevention and control, pest control and nutrient and water management. According to the planting method, rotation of crops in different seasons are reasonably arranged, so that the planting time of the crops in the different seasons is more compact; collocation of leaf area index spaces of the crops is more reasonable; shading influences of long-stalked crops on short-stalked crops are reduced; an idle period of land is shortened; a multiple crop index of the land is increased; a yield per unit area is increased; a yield per unit land area is increased. The planting method realizes triple cropping under the condition that next-year rotation is not influenced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and particularly relates to a pneumatic accelerated shoot-sowing apparatus, comprising a seed discharge mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism and shoot-sowing tube (8). Wheat seeds discharged from the seed discharge mechanism are accelerated and shot into soil via the shoot-sowing tube (8) under the action of the pneumatic mechanism. Non-contact high-pressure pneumatic continuous shoot sowing is adopted herein; wheat seeds are accelerated by a high-pressure air flow and shot into soil; a sowing component is not in contact with soil so that adhesion is avoided, and disturbance upon soil and operational resistance are decreased. The pneumatic accelerated shoot-sowing apparatus is suitable for no-tillage sowing of wheat in a wheat-rice rotation region with no straw covering.

The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant and beneficiating non-point source pollution control method for a spring corn slope cropland. The method comprises the following steps of isometry mulch laminating and transplanting of narrow rows, soil anti-corrosion conditioner applying of wide rows and one-time reasonable fertilization. Advantages of single technologies such as isometry mulch laminating of a slope, applying of a soil anti-corrosion conditioner and slow release fertilizer applying are integrated to overcome disadvantages, so loss of water, soil and nutrient is reduced and soil quality is improved. Isometry mulch laminating of a cross slope is combined with a high molecular chemical-physical conditioner and the synergism slow release fertilizer, and labor and capital investments are reduced. Compared with the traditional method in which only pure ridge culture of cross slopes, straw mulching and excessive fertilizer applying are adopted, the corrosion-resistant and beneficiating non-point source pollution control method for the spring corn slope cropland has the advantages of improving the water content by 5-9%, reducing soil bulk weight by 0.05-0.1g / cm<3> and reducing surface runoff by about 15%.

The invention discloses a method applicable to saline-alkali soil planting afforestation. The method comprises the steps that a piece of saline-alkali soil for planting afforestation is divided into a plurality of parcels of rice field, and the altitude difference of the parcels of rice field is controlled within the preset altitude difference range; land leveling is performed on each parcel of rice field, the local fluctuation altitude height inside each parcel of rice field is controlled within a preset fluctuation altitude difference range, and drainage ditches are dug at preset intervals; straw is adopted for covering each parcel of rice field; a tree pit is dug inside each parcel of rice field, and then a salt isolation layer of the preset thickness is laid inside each tree pit; sapling seedlings are planted into the tree pits, and the tree pits are filled with soil. Land leveling is performed on each parcel of rice field, and direct surface runoff can be reduced, so that rainfall is subjected to relative infiltration and salt-leaching; the straw is adopted for covering the parcels of rice field, so that soil water evaporation can be greatly reduced, the surface runoff of rainwater can be greatly reduced, and it is ensured that rainwater is subjected to uniform downward leaching along the soil profile; the salt isolation layers are laid inside the tree pits, the sapling seedling rhizosphere soil salt content can be effectively lowered, and tree seedling growth is facilitated.

The invention provides a field regulating method for improving facility salinity soil. The method comprises the steps of applying soil structure conditioners and soil water-retaining agents on the surface of soil in sequence, mulching the soil with straw pieces to form a straw mulching layer, and spraying EM active calcium liquid onto the straw mulching layer finally. According to the method, regulation is conducted with the straw, the soil structure conditioners, the soil water-retaining agents, quick lime and effective microorganisms as main raw materials, facility cultivation salinity soil salinity is effectively reduced, and the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in surface soil is increased.

The invention discloses a furrow straw ridge cultivation method. According to the method, ridge wide and narrow row annual alternate planting is carried out in summer and autumn and in winter and spring, and straws in rows are alternately furrowed and buried in the planting rows, wherein the wide and narrow rows include narrow rows with the row spacing of 30-40 cm and wide rows with the row spacing of 50-90 cm. Most rainwater flows into furrows through runoff and infiltration, and irrigation and fertilization are carried out in the furrows. By the adoption of the furrow straw ridge cultivation method, the problems that the seedling emergence rate is low and diseases and insect damage are caused easily as straws cover the earth surface or the straws are not completely decomposed are solved, the straws are completely decomposed and efficiently returned to the field all year round, and soil fertility is improved. Meanwhile, due to the fact that irrigation and fertilization are carried out in the furrows, water storage and soil moisture conservation are facilitated, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved. The furrow straw ridge cultivation method is wide in application range, double-crop rotation is carried out every year, and the planting method is scientific.

The invention discloses a straw mulching ridge-side (wide) furrow sowing crop cultivation method for dry land, and relates to the field of crop cultivation. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization: selecting flat plots, and applying base fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing and land preparation before sowing; (2) ridging: carrying out ridging at equal intervals by machinery in a flat field to form ridges and furrows, and arranging the ridges and the furrows in a spaced manner; (3) straw mulching: uniformly mulching ridge surfaces with crushed straw; (4) sowing: performing strip sowing or wide uniform sowing on crops in ridge side furrows, and properly increasing density; and (5) field management: carrying out fertilizerdressing, pest and disease control and returning straw to the field after mulching. The crop straw is used as a raw material to replace mulching films for green mulching according to mulching evaporation inhabitation and ridge and furrow rain collection cultivation principles, the functions of collecting rain to preserve soil moisture and resisting drought to increase yield are achieved, and theproblems that dry crops lack water in a growth period and are low and instable in yield are effectively solved.

The invention discloses a seed afforestation rope and a barren mountain afforestation method. The seed afforestation rope comprises a rope body, the rope body comprises a slow-release fertilizer layer, a water retention layer, a grass seed or tree seed layer, a straw mulching layer and a plastic film layer from inside to outside, and ventilation and water absorption holes are evenly formed in the plastic film layer. In the method, afforestation ropes are laid on the surface of a mountain on a rainy day in spring and properly fixed through fixing piles; after rope bodies of the afforestation ropes absorb a large amount of water through the ventilation and water absorption holes, seeds wrapped in the rope bodies start to germinate, the germinating seeds absorb nutritional ingredients in the rope bodies constantly, start to root and send forth leaves, roots of plants grow into surface soil or stone seams gradually in the constant growing process, and thus the barren mountain is afforested. According to the method, the seeding mode is commercialized, so that the barren mountain afforestation cost is lowered, and the barren mountain afforestation difficulty is also lowered; besides, the survival rate of the plants is high, and the afforestation effect is significant.

The invention belongs to the technical field of crops planting, in particular to a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil, based on straw mulching, salt inhibition and seedling preservation. Through the adoption of the method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil, based on straw mulching, salt inhibition and seedling preservation disclosed by the invention, after the peanuts are sowed in the saline-alkali land, previous-crop wheat straw is used for mulching the peanuts, so that increasing the seedling emergence rate of the peanuts is facilitated, growth development are promoted, leaf area indexes are increased, the crop covering degree is increased, and the purpose of alkali controlling and salt inhibition are achieved; and in general, a line spacing complete mulching manner of sowing lines is better than a half mulching manner of only mulching the sowing lines.

The invention provides a multifunctional no-tillage planter which comprises a control system and at least one operation unit, the operation unit comprises a returning machine, the returning machine is fixed at the front end of a tractor, a controller is installed in a cab of the tractor, a suspension mechanism of the tractor is connected with a suspension frame, a rack is arranged at the bottom of the suspension frame, and the rack is connected with the tractor. A subsoiler, a transmission case and a fertilizing structure are sequentially arranged on the rack, the lower part of the transmission case is connected with a soil crushing structure, the fertilizing structure is connected with a fertilizer discharging motor, land wheels are arranged on two sides of the rear end of the rack, the land wheels are connected with speed sensors, the rear end of the rack is connected with a compacting structure and a seeding structure, and the seeding structure is connected with the compacting structure. And the seeding structure is connected with a seeding motor. During operation, the machine can complete the processes of straw treatment and row returning, soil loosening, soil crushing, chemical fertilizer deep application, pressing, sowing and ditching, single-seed sowing, extrusion and soil covering and the like at a time, and meets the requirements of fertilization and sowing quality under the condition that the ground surface is covered with straw.

The invention discloses a novel micro-ploughing device with a cutter. The novel micro-ploughing device is not only suitable for a no-tillage seeding operation in a general empty field, but also suitable for carrying out no-tillage seeding operation under the condition that straws are left on the field surface. The novel micro-ploughing device is combined by combination of a cutter with a dentate edge and a plurality of micro-ploughing wings which are fixedly arranged on two sides (or one side) of the cutter in a ring. The device is arranged in the front of a machine tool during operation and is pressed into soil by a certain depth by dead load of the machine tool; the device generates driving torque on the cutter to drive the cutter to roll by virtue of soil resistance when the machine tool is pulled forwards; the device is capable of achieving comprehensive functions of cutting off straws and stubbles on the field surfaces of seeding rows, carrying out strip micro tilling on the seeding rows and forming seeding grooves, thus the ideal target of no-tillage seeding operation is achieved. An included angle between the projection of the cutter disclosed by the invention on a horizontal plane and the advancing direction of the machine is -45 degrees to 45 degrees; different micro tilling effects can be obtained by adjusting the size of the included angle; and therefore, the novel micro-ploughing device is especially suitable for the planting mode of straw coverage and no-tillage seeding, and has the advantages of being simple in overall structure, good in tillage quality, high in efficiency, high in adaptability and high in reliability.

The invention discloses a reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method compatible with tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and is completed by adopting steps of seedling belt repression and line-spacing deep scarification during an elongation stage. A seedling belt in the current year can be repressed after corns are planted in spring, and the compacting degree of repressed soil is 1.26-1.28 g / cm<3> in volume weight; and deep scarification is carried out during the elongation stage of the corns. According to the reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method disclosed by the invention, the plough layer construction compatible with the tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing is realized through a method of comprehensive deep scarification and local repression of the seedling belt, and a compact, wet, ventilative and good condition is created; the contradictions between ventilating and lodging prevention, fertilizer supply and fertilizer absorption, water permeability and humidity raising and the like of a plough layer can be solved; the contradiction between straw mulching and seedling protecting can be solved, and labor-saving farming can be realized.

The invention relates to a fertilizing method for improving fertility of poor soil of a new reclamation slope of Ili river valley. The method aims to settle the problems of large gradient, small soil thickness, low fertility, and soil nutrient loss caused by easy soil erosion in the new reclamation slope of Ili river valley. Through performing stubble mulch non-tillage and directly interplanting of corns and soybeans along an isoline after winter wheat is harvested, and optimizing water and fertilizer control management on the wheat, corn and soybean, culturing blank period shortening and soil erosion reduction are realized. Furthermore soil fertility is improved through soil conservation by leguminous plants and straw returning of autumn crops, thereby realizing maturation of the poor soil at the new reclamation slope, keeping surface coverage of the new reclamation slope and reducing soil erosion in the culturing blank period. Furthermore through optimized water and fertilizer management measures, poor soil maturation through fertilizing and water-and-soil conservation of the poor soil at the new reclamation slope of Ili river valley are realized.

The invention discloses a labor-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving whole-process mechanized planting method for double-cropping multiple-cropping cotton. The method comprises the followingsteps: one-time mechanical sowing: no-tillage shallow-rotation stubble cleaning, sowing line cleaning, single-grain fine sowing, depth measurement and fertilization, straw mulching, pre-emergence weeding and other operations are completed at a time by using a machine; whole-process machine management: thinning, filling, pruning, branching and topping are not needed, and drone operation is adoptedfor fertilizer spraying, pesticide spraying, chemical regulation, defoliation and ripening acceleration; one-time mechanical collection is achieved; labor is saved by 60%. The reasonable densification, one-time special controlled-release fertilizer and drone fertilizer spraying are performed, so that the fertilizer is saved by 50%. An insect-resistant variety, a food-calling attractant biopesticide, an insecticidal lamp and a drone are adopted for pesticide application, and 40% of pesticide is saved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that forty percent of labor, fiftypercent of chemical fertilizer and sixty percent of chemical pesticide are used under the two-cropping multiple cropping condition, the whole-process mechanical operation is performed, the yield of 100 percent of cotton is obtained, the labor and the cost can be greatly reduced, the non-point source pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, and the mechanical rate, the resource utilization rate and the cotton planting benefit are improved.

The invention discloses a method for preserving soil moisture for a dry field through maize straw mulching. The method includes the following steps: (1) dividing the field into wheat sowing zones and reserved blank zones which are adjacent after maize harvesting, alternatively arranging the wheat sowing zones and the reserved blank zones, enabling straws to cover the wheat sowing zones after the straws are cut with the zone width of the wheat sowing zones and the reserved blank zones being 0.8-1.2m; (2) moving the straws on the reserved blank zones on the side after the straws cover the wheat sowing zones for 80-90 days; (3) conducting soil preparation on the wheat sowing zones and applying fertilizer after soil preparation; (4) sowing wheat on the wheat sowing zones, sowing 3-5 rows of wheat on each wheat sowing zone and enabling the straws to cover the space between the wheat sowing rows after the sowing process. By means of the method, the problem that the maize straws in the dry field cannot be effectively utilized, and the wheat is prone to dryness during growth can be solved. The method is less in labor consumption, simple to operate and good in soil moisture preservation effect. The wheat is good in dryness resistance, soil organic matters can be supplemented, and agricultural sustainable development is promoted.

The invention discloses an ecological fermentation high-yield early-maturing culture method for a potato. The method comprises the following specific steps: ploughing a field block prepared for planting the potato in a greenhouse, sunning and freezing the upturned soil for later use; using a ditcher to ditch according to the planned planting ridge width and the ridge space; evenly applying a harmless treatment decomposed farmyard manure, a potassium sulphate compound fertilizer and a large quantity of element fertilizer in a ditch after ditching, placing and planting the diced and disinfected potato in the ditch; secondarily covering a potato culture ridge with a crushed crop straw; timely breaking a film and releasing a seedling after the potato seedling emerges, tightly sealing a film opening with soil; controlling the water content of the straw in the membrane through drop irrigation; controlling the temperature of the greenhouse after the potato seedling emerges; uncovering the film from the two sides of the culture ridge after a potato tuber forms, and pushing the straw mulch aside to harvest the potato tuber meeting the requirement of the product size.

The invention relates to a protected land farming method in arid region, falling into the technical field of farmland protection, to solve the problems of spring drought, difficult seedling emergence, lean soil, low crop yield, etc. The protected land farming method comprises the steps of deep plowing after crop harvest in autumn of the current year, applying fertilizer in soil according to type of to-be-planted crops in the next year, covering straw on the fertilized soil at amount of 15,000 Kg / hectare, mulching film according to type of to-be-planted crops in spring of the next year, keeping the straws between two films, and planting according to conventional method. The protected land farming method utilizes waste straw to retain moisture in arid land soil, prevent water evaporation, fertilize soil, and prevent water / soil loss.