Novel preparation method of insensitive explosive TATB

Abstract

The invention provides a novel preparation method of an insensitive explosive TATB. The method comprises the following steps: 1, with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene as a raw material, subjecting 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to reacting with hydrogen and acetic anhydride in sequence to obtain 2,4,6-triacetylaminotoluene; 2, subjecting the obtained 2,4,6-triacetylaminotoluene o oxidation and a decarboxylation reaction to obtain 1,3,5-triacetylaminobenzene; and 3, carrying out nitrification and hydrolysis reactions on the obtained 1,3,5-triacetylaminobenzene to obtain 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-triaminobenzene. According to the invention, the raw material used in the preparation method is the cheap 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and used reactants or catalysts are commonly used products in the chemical industry, so the preparation method has characteristics of low cost and usage of simple and easily available raw materials. In addition, the preparation method also has the characteristics of short synthesis steps, simple operation of each step, high yield, high reaction rate, easy separation and collection of intermediate and final products and the like, and is beneficial for realization of mass production of TATB.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of chemical industry and materials, and mainly relates to a novel preparation method of an insensitive explosive TATB. Background technique [0002] 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is an insensitive explosive, which is a bright yellow powdery solid at room temperature. TATB is a powerful explosive, slightly stronger than RDX, far stronger than the common explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Although it has excellent explosive performance, TATB is extremely insensitive to vibration, flame and impact, and has good thermal stability and impact stability. According to observations, TATB can exist stably for a long time at an extremely high temperature of at least 250°C . The insensitive nature of TATB makes it the preferred explosive for safe application under extreme conditions. TATB is an insensitive high explosive (IHS) approved by the US Department of Energy and is widely used in nuclear bombs and pol...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Method (3) uses 4-nitroaniline as a raw material, first introduces nitro groups at the 2 and 4 sites, and then uses 2,4,6-trinitroaniline as an important intermediate, with the help of 4-amino-1, 2-triazole completes the C-amination reaction. However, in the last step of the reaction, the price of 4-amino-1,2-triazole used is very high. The reaction requires dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent and sodium methoxide (CH 3 ONa) to maintain a strong alkaline environment, overall, the overall cost of the process is higher than other options

[0005] The synthetic schemes related to TATB mainly have three common defects: (1) the price of raw materials used is quite expensive, so that the economic cost of existing synthetic routes remains high, and it is urgent to find cheaper alternative synthetic routes; (2) each route There are some problems of harsh conditions in some steps, and the difficulty of implementation is relatively high, which leads to the extremely high difficulty of large-scale production of ATB; (3) in the existing synthetic route, the conversion rate of some steps is low, and many by-products remain in the final product , reducing the quality of the final product

[0006] Considering that the synthesis of TATB is relatively difficult at present, and many deficiencies in the synthesis route, a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art is: to provide a simple, efficient, safe, low-pollution and low-cost method to prepare TATB

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