221 results about "Trinitrotoluene" patented technology

Methods and apparatus for broad tuning of single wavelength quantum cascade lasers and the use of light output from such lasers for highly sensitive detection of trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide, acetylene, and vapors of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and TATP's precursors including acetone and hydrogen peroxide. These methods and apparatus are also suitable for high sensitivity, high selectivity detection of other chemical compounds including chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) system that better achieves single mode, continuous, mode-hop free tuning for use in L-PAS (laser photoacoustic spectroscopy) by independently coordinating gain chip current, diffraction grating angle and external cavity length is described. An all mechanical method that achieves similar performance is also described. Additionally, methods for improving the sensor performance by critical selection of wavelengths are presented.

The invention provides a method for treating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT for short) waste water. In the invention, waste water is mainly treated by immobilized microorganisms, an anaerobic biological filter (I-AF) and immobilized microorganisms and a biological aerated filter (I-BAF), wherein the waste water enters a collecting tank, is lifted by a pump to enter a regulating tank and enters a setting tank after being homogenized and neutralized by the regulating tank so as to remove suspended substances (SS) in the waste water; the effluent is discharged after reaching standards after enteringthree-stage I-AF and five-stage I-BAF for further treatment. The specific steps of the method are shown in the specification. The invention has the advantages that biological treatment adopts an immobilized microorganism technology, which improves the poison resistance of the microorganisms, realizes the high-efficiency removal on toxic and harmful substances of nitrobenzene and the like, reducesthe treatment cost and realizes the standard-reaching discharge of the waste water. The application of the invention is not only suitable for treating the TNT waste water but also is applied to treating nitrobenzene and aniline contained pollutants and organic waste water thereof.

The invention discloses metal fiber toughened and enhanced TNT (trinitrotoluene)-based melt-cast explosive and a preparation method thereof. The melt-cast explosive comprises components in parts by weight as follows: 30-40 parts of TNT, 60-70 parts of hexogen or octogen, 0-3 parts of metal fiber and 0-2 parts of paraffin. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: a surfactant solution is used for treating the metal fiber; materials are compounded; the materials are placed in an explosive melting machine for mixing; and casting is performed under atmospheric pressure. The TNT-based melt-cast explosive has the mechanical properties as follows: the compressive strength is larger than or equal to 24 MPa, the compressive strain is larger than or equal to 0.33%, the compressive modulus of elasticity is larger than or equal to 9 GPa, lower mechanical sensitivity is provided, the friction sensitivity is 0%-10%, and the impact sensitivity is 20%-40%.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a benzotrifuroxan (BTF) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) cocrystallized explosive. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparation of BTF-TNT saturated solution, namely, adding sufficient quantity of BTF to a crystallization solvent, raising the temperature to 20-50 DEG C, dissolving BTF and filtering the solution to obtain the BTF saturated solution; and adding sufficient quantity of TNT to the BTF saturated solution to be dissolved and filtering the solution to obtain the BTF-TNT mixed saturated solution; and (2) preparation of the BTF-TNT cocrystallized explosive: putting the BTF-TNT mixed saturated solution into a beaker, then standing in a constant temperature incubator, evaporating the solvent and drying the product, thus obtaining the BTF-TNT cocrystallized explosive. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the prepared BTF-TNT cocrystallized explosive has good safety and detonation property and excellent free-flowing property, can serve as the component of explosives, gunpowder and propellants and has better application prospect in high-energy insensitive ammunitions; and the preparation method has the advantages of simple process flow, convenience in operation, mild reaction conditions, good safety and high product quality.

The invention described relates to the synthesis of gold nanorods in high concentrations in a single batch and their use in detection of nitroexplosives using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The nanoparticle suspensions were stable up to a month after preparation. The aggregated nanorods have a strong SERS effect for nitroexplosives (3,5-dintro-4-methylbenzoic acid and 2,4,6-TNT) with sensitivity of 5.0 pg in a few seconds. The results obtained in numerous tests demonstrated a high reproducibility that makes aggregated nanorods very attractive substrates for defense and security applications.

The invention relates to an identification detection method for nitro-aromatic explosives. Sensing thin films of the same fluorescent unit connected through different connecting arms have different quenching responses to nitro-aromatic compounds, and six fluorescent sensing thin films modified by 5-dimethyl amino-1-naphthalene sulfonyl taking different diamines as connecting arms are used for further analyzing quenching response results by using a weighted principal component analysis method to learn about that four standard nitro-aromatic explosives 4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and nitrobenzene are in different areas in coordinates to further fulfill the aim of identifying the four nitro-aromatic explosives in an explosive and make the identification detection of the four nitro-aromatic explosives in the explosive possible. According to the identification detection method, the nitro-aromatic compounds can be well responded and sensitively detected.

The invention relates to an electro-polymerizable chemically-modified electrode organic material and application of the electrode organic material in ultra-trace TNT (Trinitrotoluene) detection and belongs to the field of electrochemical sensing technologies. The structural formula of the organic material is shown in the specification, wherein the molecular main chain skeleton consists of an A and two side units B. The A can be pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, an anthracene derivative, phenanthrene, dibenzo-quinoxaline or the like; each B can be benzene, biphenyl, phenylene vinylene, fluorene or the like; each unit C is an electro-active unit and can be furan, pyrrole, thiophene, carbazole, diphenylamine, triphenylamine or the like. A connecting chain R for the molecular main chain skeleton and electrochemically-polymerized groups can be an alkyl chain, alkoxy chain or oxy chain. Carbazolyl groups can be subjected to crosslinking during electrochemical polymerization, and molecules can form spherical micro-nano structures due to crosslinking, so that on one hand, the contact specific surface area between the molecules of the organic material and TNT molecules is increased, on the other hand, due to pore structures formed among the micro-nano structures, TNT molecule diffusion paths are increased, and electrical signal response is enhanced.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing tri-amino trinitrobenzene (TATB) by trinitrotoluene (TNT), belonging to the field of organic synthesis technology. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving the TNT into the concentrated nitric acid, heating up, adding the saturated water solution of the sodium chlorate, reacting, cooling and filtering to obtain the TNBA; adding the TNBA into the water, stirring, adding the sodium hydroxide water solution, filtering, heating up the filter liquor to perform the decarboxylation reaction, cooling, filtering and drying to obtain the TNB; dissolving the TNB into reagent, adding the TNB into turbid liquid mixed by the ammoniation reagent, the sodium methylate and the reagent, and stirring; and heating up, cooling after the reaction, pouring into the distilled water, adjusting the PH value to be neutral or weakly acidic by the acetic acid, stewing, filtering in a pumping way, washing with water, and drying to obtain the TATB. The method takes the TNT as the raw material and uses the chrome-free technology in the oxidizing reaction to avoid the environment pollution, uses a small quantity of the reagent during the aminating reaction to increase the concentration of the reactant and optimize the dynamic conditions, and uses a small quantity of the ammoniation reagent and the sodium methylate to reduce the cost.

The invention discloses a glass cleaning agent composition, comprising, by mass, 4-8 parts of alkyl sodium sulfonate, 5-9 parts of isopropanol, 5-9 parts of dichlorotetrafluoroethane, 8-11 parts of propanol, 0.7-1 part of potassium hydroxide, 2-5 parts of poly chloroacetic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of essence, 0.1-0.2 part of trinitrotoluene, 0.3-0.6 part of hydrofluoric acid and 100 parts of water. The glass cleaning agent composition is obtained by adding the components of the glass cleaning agent composition into a stirrer, a temperature of the stirrer being set at 40-60 DEG C; and stirring uniformly. With the above method, the glass cleaning agent composition can remove dirt on the glass easily. The glass is clean and bright after being cleaned and has no residue. The glass cleaning agent composition neither damages the glass nor needs to rinse with water, thereby achieving the effects of time saving and convenient treatment.

The invention provides a method for preventing explosion damage by using a steel-concrete combined structure. According to the method, the combined structure consists of a concrete casting and a cylindrical or arch-shaped cylindrical steel casting; when the combined structure is used, two ends are not plugged; quantitative trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive is put in the center of a steel pipe, so that the explosion impact can be effectively protected; and the steel casting is made of a Q345R steel pipe. In order to prevent the local damage of the protective structure under the explosion impact from affecting the whole safety in the conventional protective engineering, the invention provides a steel-concrete combined explosion-proof protective structure and a designing method based on impulse distribution, wherein the structure and the method have important reference values.

The invention provides a preparation method of a surface-enhanced Raman substrate. The method comprises the following steps of: electrolyzing a silicon wafer in an electrolyte with hydrofluoric acid to prepare a porous silicon substrate; immersing the porous silicon substrate into a silver nitrate aqueous solution to react, then taking the porous silicon substrate out, and subsequently, drying the porous silicon substrate to prepare the surface-enhanced Raman substrate. The invention also provides an application of the surface-enhanced Raman substrate prepared by the method in trace detection of a surface-enhanced Raman spectrum, in particular an application in TNT (trinitrotoluene) detection.

The invention discloses a titanium hydride-type high-energy composite explosive and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the steps of: by taking titanium hydride as a high-energy additive of the explosive, heating titanium hydride powder at 100-110 DEG C for more than 2 hours, drying and passivating; fusing and passivating a single component explosive and a desensitizing agent, namely wax; and uniformly mixing and stirring 5-30% of titanium hydride, 65%-90% of single component explosive and 3-5% of desensitizing agent, namely wax according to mass percentage, thus obtaining the high-energy composite explosive, wherein the single component explosive is selected from hexogen, trinitrotoluene, pentaerythrite tetranitrate or octogen. The high-energy composite explosive prepared by the method has good compatibility of components and good stability; after exploding, the peak pressure of the high-energy composite explosive is high, and the specific impulse of the high-energy composite explosive is great; and the maximum density of the high-energy composite explosive is 2.3g/cm<3>, and the maximum explosion heat of the high-energy composite explosive is 8.5MJ/kg. According to the preparation method, the titanium hydride is taken as the high-energy additive, so that the energy output of the composite explosive is increased, and the safe long-term storage requirement on the composite explosive can be satisfied.

The invention discloses a chemical preparation method of a graphene quantum dot fluorescence probe used for detecting trace of TNT (trinitrotoluene). The preparation process of the fluorescence probe comprises the following three steps: firstly, using HClO4 graphite oxide to prepare graphene oxide; secondly, using a buffer solution to adjust the pH value, using a strong reducing agent to reduce the prepared graphene oxide to graphene; and finally, putting the reduced graphene into an organic solvent in a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, closing, raising the temperature to 120 DEG C, reacting for 2 hours, and further processing to prepare the graphene quantum dot fluorescence probe capable of selectively and sensitively detect the TNT. A rich electron on the surface of the fluorescence probe and three electron deficiency nitro groups on a TNT target analyte molecule mutually act to cause fluorescence resonance energy transfer when getting close spatially, the fluorescence of the graphene quantum dot fluorescence probe is absorbed by the TNT target analyte molecule and is quenched, so that the trace of the target molecule of the explosive TNT is detected.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a modified lignin absorbent for absorbing TNT (Trinitrotoluene), which is characterized by comprising the steps of: adding 5-30 parts by weight of lignin into 150-500 parts by weight of 1,2-alkyl dihalide, adding 15-50 parts of catalysts, stirring for 3-10 hours at 50-90 DEG C, washing reacted materials by using a mixture of ice and diluted hydrochloric acid, filtering and washing by using water, and drying to prepare grafted halogenated lignin; and then adding 50-300 parts of aminating agents into 20-80 parts of organic solvents, adding 5-30 parts of the grafted halogenated lignin, stirring for 4-10 hours at 60-90 EG C, filtering, washing by using diluted ammonia water and water, and drying to obtain the modified lignin absorbent. The absorbent has higher selective absorption capacity on the TNT and other organic compounds containing nitryl and can be used for absorption and separation of the TNT and other organic compounds containing the nitryl in the explosive industrial wastewater so as to protect the environment.

An ultrasensitive method for detecting analytes in a sample is provided. The method involves the use of a matrix of nanoparticles which are associated with recognition groups capable of undergoing interaction with the analyte.

The invention discloses a gold nanoflower-quantum dot-based superstructure sensor and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding sodium citrate into first chloroauric acid, and further heating to obtain a mixture M1; adding a mixed solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and the M1 into a second chloroauric acid solution M2 whose pH has been regulated, and obtaining gold nanoflowers when the solution turns into blue green; modifying the gold nanoflowers by using a first modifier to obtain the surface-modified gold nanoflowers; mixing a second modifier with a cadmium chloride solution, adjusting the pH value, and then inflating nitrogen into the solution; adding a tellurium source into the solution prepared therefore, heating for refluxing to obtain quantum dots; and mixing and assembling the modified gold nanoflowers and the quantum dots. In the preparation method, the trinitrotoluene content of a sample is measured through fluorescence intensity. The invention implements a method, by which the sensitivity and selectively of TNT (trinitrotoluene) detection can be improved, and during the TNT detection, interference of TNT analogues on the detection can be avoided as much as possible.

The invention discloses a sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot, a preparation method of the sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot and a detection method of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, wherein the method comprises the following steps of 1, firstly mixing hydroxylamine hydrochloride, molybdenum disulfide and solvents; then, performing heat treatment; next, performing centrifugal purification so as to prepare the sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot; (2) mixing the sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot, sulfydryl-containing compounds and the solvents; then, performing contact reaction so as to prepare the sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot. The sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot prepared by the method has the advantages of high quantum yield, strong anti-jamming capability and good stability. In addition, the sulfydryl-modified molybdenum sulfide quantum dot prepared by the method has the good selectivity on the detection of the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene solution concentration.

The invention belongs to the fluorescent sensing technical field and specifically relates to a high-efficiency organic fluorescent material and application of the material in TNT (trinitrotoluene) detection. The structural formula of the high-efficiency organic fluorescent material provided by the invention is Ar2-Ar1-Ar-Ar1-Ar2, wherein Ar1-Ar-Ar1 forms a light-emitting unit; the light-emitting center Ar can be spirofluorene, benzene, carbazole (alkyl chains different in length can be connected at No.9 site) or fluorene (alkyl chains different in length can be connected at No.9 site); Ar1 can be fluorene, biphenyl or difluorene; and electric-active unit Ar2 can be furan, pyrrole, thiophene, carbazole, diphenylamine or triphenylamine. An electro-polymeric thin film formed from the material through electrochemical polymerization is characterized in that intermolecular aggregation in the electrochemical polymerization process can be effectively reduced, the fluorescence efficiency of the electro-polymeric thin film is improved, and the electro-polymeric thin film is capable of effectively transferring charges with TNT molecules to quench fluorescent light, and therefore, effective detection on TNT is realized.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a thermoplastic elastomer, and in particular to a method for preparing double-energy-containing-group polyurethane elastomer. The method comprises the following steps: performing cationic polymerization on 2,6-binitro p-dibenzyl alcohol and epoxy chloropropane to synthesize polyepichlorohydrin; under the protection of nitrogen, performing substitution reaction on sodium azide and polyepichlorohydrin to synthesize hydroxyl-terminated polynitrine glycidyl ether; and under the protection of nitrogen, preparing the double-energy-containing-group polyurethane elastomer by using the 2,6-binitro p-dibenzyl alcohol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the hydroxyl-terminated polynitrine glycidyl ether. According to the method for preparing the double-energy-containing-group polyurethane elastomer, energy-containing groups (nitryl and azide) are introduced into the molecular structure of the polyurethane elastomer, as the polyurethane elastomer has relatively high energy, and a benzene ring structure with two nitrogen groups in a part of the molecular structure of a used chain extender is similar to trinitrotoluene, the interaction between the molecules of the elastomer and the molecules of the trinitrotoluene can be enhanced.