Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass

a technology of microbial biomass and glucosamine, which is applied in the direction of application, biocide, sugar derivates, etc., can solve the problems of not necessarily providing any allergic risk, glucosamine exposure to shellfish, and significant variation in composition of wild shellfish, etc., to achieve low ash content, low impurity level, and high quality

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-06-03
HWANG KI OH +5
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0008]The present invention is directed to glucosamine, including glucosamine-containing material suitable for human or animal consumption. Glucosamine of the present invention is derived from fermented microbial biomass containing chitin and / or mureins. Suitable starting materials include substantially uniform microbial fungal sources, bacterial sources, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, fungal sources derived from Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., and combinations thereof can be used. Use of either bacterial biomass or fungal biomass results in a high quality product that produces generally uniform glucosamine having low levels of impurities. The glucosamine of the present invention normally has relatively low ash content, and low heavy metal content. In addition, as a product of fungal biomass, the glucosamine does not pose a hazard to persons who have shellfish allergies.

Problems solved by technology

These natural sources are acceptable for producing glucosamine for some applications, but they have limitations.
These limitations include the fact that wild shellfish can have significant variations in their composition because they grow naturally under uncontrolled circumstances.
Also, without control over the growing conditions, the shellfish can be exposed to environmental contaminants, including heavy metals, that can be retained in glucosamine or other products produced from the shellfish.
Highly processed materials, such as glucosamine, do not necessarily provide any allergic risk when prepared properly; but a concern remains that hyper allergenic individuals will still be allergic to even minute traces of allergens present from the original shellfish.
Even if no such allergens are present, glucosamine derived from shellfish can pose a concern to individuals who are allergic to shellfish because individual consumers are not necessarily aware of whether or not all of the allergens have been removed.
An additional problem associated with existing sources of shellfish-derived glucosamine is that some of the shellfish supply is harvested from the seas and oceans of the world.
Excessive harvest of shellfish could have a great negative environmental impact.
Even if the environmental impact of harvesting shellfish is not negative, there remains concern that the supply of wild shellfish is limited in quantity and inconsistent in quantity from year to year.

Method used

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  • Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass
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  • Glucosamine and method of making glucosamine from microbial biomass

Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

[0046]The invention will be further explained by the following non-limiting illustrative examples. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are expressed in parts by weight.[0047]Example 1

[0048]Citric biomass was pretreated with a 4 percent aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution in an autoclave at 120° C. for 1 hour. This step removed excess proteins and other undesirable materials. The biomass was then thoroughly washed with de-ionized water until its pH was approximately 7.0. This washed material was mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water to form a mixture of 10 to 15 percent HCl and 5 to 6 percent biomass, based upon dry weight of the biomass. This mixture was heated at reflux. Samples were taken from time to time, and the reaction analyzed with a high-pressure liquid chromatograph available from Dionex HPLC under the trade designation “DX-500”.

[0049]The results are provided in FIG. 1, which shows a chart indicating glucosamine production, and shows that the g...

example 2

[0050]Following reaction, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate evaporated using a rotating evaporator manufactured by RotaVap to increase the glucosamine concentration of the solution. The final volume was reduced to about 10 to 20 ml. To this solution was added 20 ml of ethanol and the solution swirled to promote precipitation of glucosamine and enhance yield. These glucosamine precipitates were obtained by filtration and were further washed with alcohol until the color became white. FIG. 3 shows a chromatogram of the product, indicating greater than 97 percent glucosamine.[0051]Example 2

[0052]Example 1 was repeated, but the pretreated biomass was maintained under reflux conditions for 13 hours. The resulting glucosamine was greater than 98 percent pure.

example 3

[0053]The foregoing detailed description and examples have been given for clarity of understanding only. No unnecessary limitations are to be understood from this description or examples. The invention is not limited to the exact details shown and described, for variations will be included within the invention defined by the claims.[0054]Example 3

[0055]The Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces griseus and Bacillus subtilis were isolated as individual colonies on trypticase-soya agar for growth in pure culture. Each was separately inoculated into 1 L of sterile trypticase-soya broth and grown for 48 hours at 32° C. and 170 rpm. The mature cultures were harvested by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 7,500 g and 4° C. Each pellet was washed in 50 mL of phosphate buffer and centrifuged as above. The pellets of bacterial biomass were stored at −20° C. until processing.

[0056]Additionally, three cultures of unknown gram positive bacteria were isolated as single colonies on Tripticase Soy Agar...

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Abstract

Glucosamine suitable for human or animal consumption is disclosed. The glucosamine is derived from microbial biomass containing chitin. Suitable starting materials include substantially uniform microbial fungal sources, such as fungal sources derived from Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp. and combinations thereof. Methods of producing glucosamine by acid hydrolysis of fermented fungal biomass are also disclosed.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 60 / 362,206 filed Mar. 5, 2002.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention is directed to glucosamine compositions and to methods of making glucosamine compositions.BACKGROUND[0003]Glucosamine is a nutraceutical supplement that has been shown to provide significant therapeutic relief for arthritis and joint pain. Although the mechanism is not entirely known, it is believed that glucosamine functions to aid in restoration of the cartilage to relieve inflammation in the joints, thereby providing significant benefit to patients.[0004]Presently, glucosamine is primarily derived from harvested natural sources, such as shellfish and other aquatic organisms. Components of the shell or exoskeleton of these organisms are converted into glucosamine using various production techniques. These natural sources are acceptable for producing glucosamine for some applications, but th...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K31/7008C07H5/04C07H1/08C07H5/06
CPCC07H5/06A61K31/7008C07H1/08
Inventor HWANG, KI-OHSTEINKE, JAMES DONALDHENNING, JOSEPH P.BOHLMANN, JOHN A.TRINKLE, JAMES R.FAN, WEIYU
Owner HWANG KI OH
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