93results about How to "Avoid concentration polarization" patented technology

The invention discloses an iamine-polyanion lithium salt and a preparation method thereof as well as application of the iamine-polyanion lithium salt as nonaqueous electrolyte. The invention provides the iamine-polyanion lithium salt containing 'S-fluoroalkylsulfonyamino'. The iamine-polyanion lithium salt has excellent dissolving capacity in nonaqueous solvents such as carbonate esters, ethers and ionic liquid; the nonaqueous electrolyte of the iamine-polyanion lithium salt has the advantages of high-temperature conductivity, high lithium ion transference number, no corrosion to an aluminum foil at high potential, good compatibility between the nonaqueous electrolyte and a metal lithium electrode and other widely-used electrode materials, and the like, and can be used for a lithium ion battery or a secondary lithium battery.

The invention discloses an industrial method for selectively recycling copper and nickel from copper-nickel mud, belonging to the field of recycling non-ferrous metal resources. The industrial method comprises the following steps of: acid-leaching the copper-nickel mud; filtering leachate; punching the leachate to a sealed tubular slot from a circulating slot under the action of a circulating pump, rotating the solution in the slot at a high speed, and carrying out rotational flow electrolysis to remove the copper; returning electrodeposited solution to the leaching process for continuously carrying out leaching; and gathering the nickel in the copper-nickel mud for preparing nickel sulfate. According to the industrial method provided by the invention, an high-speed rotation electrolytic technology for a solution in an electrolytic cell is combined with other processes to recycle the metal in the solution for being continuously used for other industries, so that the waste material is changed into things of value for realizing recycling the resources; the current density and the current efficiency are high, the reagent consumption is low, the production cost is reduced, and performances of the enterprise are improved. Meanwhile, the solution is circulated in a closed-loop manner, so that no harmful gases are exhausted, and the existing circular economy and environmental protection theories are satisfied.

The invention provides a copper electrolysis system which comprises an electrolysis tank, a cooling device, a driving device, an electrolyte storage tank and a conducting bar, wherein a liquid supply device is arranged on an inside wall of the electrolysis tank; an outlet of the driving device is connected with an inlet of the cooling device; the outlet of the cooling device is connected with a liquid supply pipeline of the liquid supply device; an electrolyte draining port of the electrolysis tank is connected with the inlet of the electrolyte storage tank; the outlet of the electrolyte storage tank is connected with the inlet of the driving device; the conducting bar is arranged at an upper edge of the electrolysis tank; and a conductive rod of a cathode and a hanging lug of an anode are respectively lapped with the conducting bar. Due to the cooperative use of the electrolysis tank, the cooling device, the driving device and the conducting bar, the copper electrolysis system provided by the invention causes the current density to be higher and the electrolysis tank voltage to be lower during a copper electrolysis, so that the yield of copper is higher and the energy consumption is lower.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment in environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a method and a device for treating phosphorus wastewater by adopting a multi-electrode baffling electric flocculation process. The PH value of wastewater is regulated with alkaline liquor to 7.0-8.0; the regulated wastewater is pumped into an electric flocculation tank through a peristaltic pump, is subjected to electrolytic flocculation treatment through the baffling of a multi-electrode under the condition of aeration, and then is discharged through an overflow launder, the discharged water is collected and left to stand for 30 minutes, a liquid supernatant is discharged, a floc is recycled; a power supply of the electric flocculation tank is a direct current power supply, the current density is 1.27-5.08mA/cm<2>, and the electrolysis time is 2 minutes to 48 hours. The technical characteristics are as follows: the wastewater baffles along the multi-electrode, then the short stream of the wastewater is avoided, the chance of enabling a pollutant in the wastewater to be in contact with a high-concentration flocculating agent in an electrolysis plate is increased, the flocculent precipitation is promoted, so that the pollutant treatment effect is improved. The multi-electrode baffling electric flocculation process is suitable for treating inorganic phosphorus wastewater at medium and low concentrations, needed equipment is simple, easy in operation and low in cost, and runs stably, so that the process is an electrochemistry phosphorous removal process having a high potential.

The invention provides an electric promoting eluting and removing device and an electric promoting eluting and removing method for soil heavy metal based on an electric geotextile. An eluting agent is applied to heavy metal polluted soil and the eluting agent and soil are uniformly mixed through a plowing machine, so that the heavy metal in the soil is desorbed into a soil solution through eluting; EKG electrodes are buried into the soil at intervals in parallel and are used as anode and cathode materials of electrodynamics; an interval electrifying manner is adopted under the potential gradient of 0.2V/cm-4V/cm, so that the heavy metal with positive charges in the farmland soil is desorbed into the soil solution through eluting, and is enriched to a cathode under the action of an electric field; then the heavy metal is transferred out of the soil under the action of circulating washing of electrode liquid; and the washed electrode liquid is treated and then is circularly used for washing an electrode. By adopting the electric promoting eluting and removing device and method, the effect of chemical eluting can be improved and the discharging of an eluent is promoted; and meanwhile, the problem of soil acidification and alkalization in an electric remediation process is effectively avoided, and the electrode can be conveniently and rapidly mounted and used in field.

The invention belongs to the water processing technology field, concretely provides a device and a technology for processing degradation-resistant waste water through a hypergravity multistage sacrificial anode electro-Fenton method, and solves the problem of mass transfer limitation in processing degradation-resistant waste water through a sacrificial anode electro-Fenton method. The device comprises a plurality of corrugated cylindrical anodes and anode connection disks and a plurality of corrugated cylindrical cathodes and cathode connection disks. The corrugated cylindrical cathodes and the cathode connection disks are stationary relative to a shell. The centers of the anode connection disks are connected with a rotating shaft. In the technology, the rotary corrugated cylindrical anodes and anode connection disks, the stationary corrugated cylindrical cathodes and cathode connection disks and a H2O2 solution form a hypergravity multistage sacrificial anode electro-Fenton reaction system. The device and the technology can reinforce the mass transfer process of the electro-Fenton reaction. The electrode area utilization rate, the oxygen utilization rate, the H2O2 production rate and the processing efficiency are all raised. The device has advantages of small size, low load and low energy consumption, and is suitable for continuous operation and scale processing.

The invention relates to a raw water separator for a spiral membrane module, a membrane containing the separator and a reverse osmosis membrane device. The raw water separator is a net structure formed by intersecting warp wire rods and weft wire rods. The warp wire rods are parallel to the raw water flow direction of the membrane module. The weft wire rods are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the warp wire rods. A channel which is consistent with the raw water flow direction is formed between the warp wire rods and the weft wire rods and the spiral membrane. The weft wire rods of the raw water separator are perpendicular to the direction of the channel so as to obstruct raw water flowing along the channel. Thus, turbulent is generated, and concentration polarization of raw water and pollutant clogging are avoided. Through the raw water separator, the membrane module can be applied in higher TDS and COD high-salt complex wastewater treatment. By the utilization of the reverse osmosis membrane device, part of pretreatment facilities can be minimized or canceled during the application process, and the same salt rejection and product water recovery rate are realized. Therefore, project investment is greatly minimized and operating cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for repairing a concrete crack by means of pulse electrodeposition, wherein a reinforcing steel bar in concrete is taken as a cathode and a titanium screen is taken as an anode, and the reinforcing steel bar and the titanium screen are arranged near the concrete; a 0.05-0.50 mol per liter zinc saline solution or magnesium saline solution is taken as an electrodeposition solution, and the concrete is immersed into the electrodeposition solution; a pulse power source is adopted, and the on/off time of pulse is between 0.6 and 1 ms; the current density exerted on the surface of the concrete is between 0.25 and 3 amperes per square meter; and the concrete provided with the crack is repaired by means of electrodeposition. The invention also discloses an applicable device for the method for repairing the concrete crack by means of pulse electrodeposition. The method for repairing the concrete crack by means of pulse electrodeposition and the repairing device thereof have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, good effect and so on, and are suitable for concrete structures in a water environment and concrete structures which are difficult to be repaired by the prior repairing technology or have high repairing cost.

The present invention discloses a novel fermentation tank, which comprises a tank body, a membrane filter and a pipeline; wherein, the membrane filter is arranged inside the tank body; one end of the pipeline is connected with the membrane filter in the tank; the other end of the pipeline leads out of the tank or leads out of the tank through a hollow stirring shaft. The membrane filter can be arranged on the wall of the tank through the pipeline or on the hollow stirring shaft, and the included angle between the membrane filter and the longitudinal axis of the tank is between 0 degree and 90 degrees. In the process of bio-fermentation, the fermentation tank can carry out membrane separation, the positive pressure inside the fermentation tank or / and the negative pressure outside the fermentation tank ensure that liquid-phase material can permeate the membrane and pass through the pipeline to reach other devices outside the fermentation tank, and suspended cells and intercepted granules are intercepted in the fermentation tank to keep fermenting. The novel fermentation tank utilizes the characteristic of the combination of the fermentation tank and the membrane separation, to realize the coupling of cell culture and product abstraction. The fermentation tank does not affect the growth and metabolism of cells, the reaction effect is good, the biochemical reaction system is stable, moreover, the cost is low, investment is little, and the fermentation tank is applicable to biological reaction.

The invention relates to an FCDI device for enhancing trace ion trapping, based on ion exchange resin, and the application thereof. The FCDI device adopts the technical scheme that the FCDI device comprises an electric adsorption module unit, an electric desorption ion recycling module unit, fluid electrode, a fluid electrode conveying unit, a voltage supply unit, a diluting compartment and a concentrating compartment, the electric adsorption module unit is positioned in the diluting compartment; the electric desorption ion recycling module unit is positioned in the concentrating compartment;the electric adsorption module unit comprises an ion exchange resin bed, a cathode graphite collector plate I, an anode graphite collector plate II, an anion exchange membrane I, a cation exchange membrane I, a cathode electrode chamber I and an anode electrode chamber I. By adding the ion exchange resin bed in the electric adsorption module unit, the FCDI device optimizes the process of deionization performed on low-concentration inlet water by an FCDI system, weakens the concentration polarization effect, and enhances the electricity removal rate.

The invention relates to a control method and device of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system, and belongs to the field of fuel cell buses. The method comprises: establishing a pressure prediction model of an output gas of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system, and determining a pressure prediction value used for controlling the pressure of the output gas of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system according to the pressure prediction model; calculating a difference value between the pressure prediction value and a set target pressure value to obtain a prediction error; obtaining an actual pressure value of output gas of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system, and calculating a difference value between the actual pressure value and the target pressure value to obtain an actual error; and comparing the prediction error with the actual error, and when the prediction error is smaller than the actual error, outputting a pressure prediction value of the next momentby using the pressure prediction model as a target pressure of the next moment to control the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system to output gas. The change trend of the output pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system is judged in advance, and the pressure of the output gas of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system is adjusted in advance, so that the supplied hydrogen can meet the requirements ofa fuel cell system.

A novel intelligent electric flocculation treatment apparatus of power plant coal-containing wastewater is characterized in that the apparatus comprises a coal water primary precipitation tank (1), a secondary precipitation tank (3), a high frequency pulse power supply (7), a vertical electric flocculation box (8), a micro-aeration blower (11), a clarifier (14), a middle water tank (17) and a clear water tank (24), the middle-upper portion of the vertical electric flocculation box (8) is provided with a pole plate (9), the lower portion of the vertical electric flocculation box (8) is provided with a mud hopper (10), coal water goes through an elevator pump (18), enters the vertical electric flocculation box (8) and is electrically flocculated, the electrically flocculated coal water automatically flows into the clarifier (14) and is clarified, the clarified coal water flows into the middle water tank (17), the coal water is conveyed to a valveless filter (19) through a middle water tank elevator pump (18) and is filtered for reuse, an inlet water online turbidity meter (6) is in current connection with the high frequency pulse power supply (7), and the electric flocculation current is automatically adjusted according to the turbidity change of the inlet water. The running of the apparatus can be fully automatically controlled. The apparatus has the characteristics of novel technology, automatic control, stable running, energy consumption and investment cost saving, and substantial environmental and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a single-ion polymer electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and a lithium-ion secondary battery. The single-ion polymer electrolyte is a pi-conjugated polymer lithium salt containing sp3 hybrid boron anions on a main chain of a molecular chain. In the single-ion polymer electrolyte, the sp3 hybrid boron anions are immobilized on the main chain of the molecular chain of a polymer; and electromigration is inhibited, so that the sp3 hybrid boron anions can be prevented from moving to a cathode of the lithium-ion secondary battery to cause concentration polarization in the discharging process; and the performance of the battery is improved. More importantly, negative charges on the sp3 hybrid boron anions are delocalized, so that the acting force between the sp3 hybrid boron anions and lithium ions with positive charges is relatively weak; and the lithium ions are relatively easily solvated to be ionized. Improvement of the conductivity of the single-ion polymer electrolyte is facilitated; the charge transport capacity in the battery is relatively high when the single-ion polymer electrolyte is applied to the lithium-ion secondary battery; and the electrical properties of the lithium-ion secondary battery are finally improved.

The invention discloses an anode for cylindrical jet-state direct electrodeposition devices, which comprises an anode tube, an upper coaxial positioning column and a lower coaxial positioning column, wherein the anode tube is a hollow cylinder, jet holes are uniformly distributed on the outer edge surface of the anode tube, and the lower coaxial positioning column is a hollow tube; one end of the anode tube is connected with the upper coaxial positioning column, and the other end of the anode tube is connected with the lower coaxial positioning column; the anode tube, the upper coaxial positioning column and the lower coaxial positioning column are coaxially arranged, and an inner-cylinder cavity of the anode tube is communicated with a hollow tube in the lower coaxial positioning column. The invention relates to one of core components of a cylindrical jet-state electrodeposition device, and the cylindrical jet-state electrodeposition device disclosed by the invention can effectively overcome the concentration polarization of a cathode surface, so that metal ions are successfully reduced and deposited on the cathode surface of a cathode. Therefore, compared with metal raw materials produced in previous modes, a metal raw material produced by the anode is more uniform in purity and better in surface effect.

The invention relates to an ED (electrodialysis) water treatment system with intelligent temperature-adjusting, voltage-adjusting and ultrasonic effects. The system comprises an ED membrane pack, an electric field current temperature regulator, an ultrasonic regulator, an incoming water flow velocity controller and a water sample central processing unit, wherein the ED membrane pack comprises a voltage-adjustable electrode plate, an electric heating separation plate, a temperature sensor, an ultrasonic transducer, amplitude transformers and ion exchange membranes; the water sample central processing unit specifically determines the ion type, the ion concentration, the water sample conductivity and the water sample viscosity according to analysis and detection results of partial raw water incoming water samples or partial produced fresh water samples and then sends out a control instruction to the raw water incoming water flow velocity controller, sends out a control instruction to the electric field current temperature regulator and sends out a control instruction to the ultrasonic regulator respectively. By the aid of the system, the concentration polarization produced during operation of an ED device can be reduced, association effects of ions in liquids can be reduced, and the migration rate of the ions can be increased. The system is particularly applicable to low-temperature environments in winter.

The invention relates to the technical field of membranes and particularly relates to a hollow fiber desalination membrane assembly and equipment. The hollow fiber desalination membrane assembly comprises a pressure container and a desalination membrane unit arranged in the pressure container, wherein a raw water inlet and a concentrated water outlet are arranged in the pressure container; the desalination membrane unit comprises a membrane shell and a desalination membrane assembly arranged in the membrane shell; the desalination membrane assembly comprises a central water-producing pipe, a central water inlet pipe arranged around the peripheral side of the central water-producing pipe, a plurality of desalination membrane filaments arranged at the peripheral side of the central water inlet pipe, a water inlet end fixing layer and a water-producing end fixing layer; the water inlet end fixing layer and the water-producing end fixing layer are used for being fixed at two ends of the desalination membrane filaments respectively. The hollow fiber desalination membrane assembly and equipment disclosed by the invention has relatively high anti-pollution capacity and relatively long service life, is low in replacement cost, stable in water yield and excellent in water quality, can work in a relatively bad water quality condition and is suitable for pretreatment of a large reverse osmosis desalination system.

The embodiment of the invention provides single-lithium-ion conductive polymer lithium salt, the structural formula of which is shown as a formula (I), wherein Y is -N-C(=O)-R1- or -N-S(=O)2-R2-, R1 and R2 are respectively selected from alkylene, halogenated alkylene, alkyleneoxy, halogenated alkyleneoxy, alkenylene, halogenated alkenylene, alkenylidenoxy, halogenated alkenylidenoxy, arylene, halogenated arylene, arylidenoxy and halogenated arylidenoxy; z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 are respectively selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, halogenated alkoxy, alkenyl, halogenated alkenyl, alkenyl, halogenated alkenyl, aryl, halogenated aryl, aryloxy and halogenated aryloxy. The lithium salt has flame-retardant and single-lithium-ion conductive characteristics, and the safety performance, cycle performance and rate capability of the battery can be improved. The invention also provides a lithium secondary battery electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery.

The invention provides an electrodialysis device. According to the electrodialysis device, by respectively arranging an anode protection chamber and a cathode protection chamber at ends of a membrane stack, respectively close to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and by operating a protective solution with an independent circulatory system, an electrode solution of the electrodialysis device is protected. The anode protection chamber and the anode chamber are isolated through an anode membrane, and the cathode protection chamber and the cathode chamber are isolated through another piece of anode membrane. The anode protection chamber and the cathode protection chamber are both isolated from a desalination chamber and a concentration chamber between the anode protection chamber and the cathode protection chamber through cathode membranes. Thus, high valence cation is controlled in transferring to the cathode chamber and the anode chamber through the membranes, and high valence cation in desalination liquor and concentrated liquor are effectively isolated. Content of high valence metal ions in the electrode solution is remarkably reduced, generation of precipitates in the cathode chamber or deposition on a negative plate due to a reduction reaction is avoided, cycle period of the electrode solution is greatly prolonged, and operating cost of the electrode solution is remarkably lowered.

A novel method for preparing a fluorine-containing nano-hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of a biomedical magnesium alloy comprises the following steps that (1) a cleaned pure magnesium or magnesium alloy substrate material is immersed into 20-40wt% of hydrofluoric acid for 18-30 h, then cleaned in deionized water and dried; (2) an electrolyte is prepared, the concentration of Ca<2+> in the electrolyte is 10.5 mmol/L-42 mmol/L, the concentration of H2PO4<-> in the electrolyte is 6.3 mmol/L-25 mmol/L, the Ca/P molar ratio is 1.6-2.0, the concentration of NaNO3 in the electrolyte is 0.058 mol/L-0.117 mol/L, and the pH value of the electrolyte is adjusted to be 4.5-5.5 for standby application; and (3) the pure magnesium or magnesium alloy substrate material treated in the step (1) servingas a cathode and a graphite electrode serving as an anode are put into the electrolyte in the step (2), hydroxyapatite is deposited on the surface of the fluorinated substrate material through a dipulse electrodeposition method, and thus the fluorine-containing nano-hydroxyapatite coating is obtained.

The invention discloses a wastewater treating device. The wastewater treating device comprises an adjusting pool, a pipeline mixer, a primary filtering system, a secondary filtering system, a primary reverse osmosing system, a secondary reverse osmosing system and an evaporating and crystallizing system. The invention further discloses a wastewater treating method. By the cooperation treatment of the primary filtering system, the secondary filtering system, the primary reverse osmosing system and the secondary reverse osmosing system, a penetrating fluid accounting for about 88% of the volume of wastewater can be recycled to be used as recycled water, and evaporation and crystallization can be further conducted on the rest few penetrating fluid, so that zero emission treatment of wastewater, particularly wastewater high in salt content, can be realized.

The invention discloses an impurity removal process for a lithium sulfate purified liquid, belongs to the technical field of lithium sulfate preparation, and aims to provide an impurity removal process for a lithium sulfate purified liquid to solve the problem that the existing lithium sulfate purified liquid contains small-particle impurities and Ca<2+> impurities of insoluble substances such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate and slightly soluble substances such as calcium sulfate and the quality of subsequent lithium carbonate products is poor. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) filtering by adopting a precision filter, and filtering and intercepting insoluble substances such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate and slightly soluble substances such as calcium sulfate in the lithium sulfate purified liquid; and (2) selectively adsorbing soluble Ca<2+> impurities in the lithium sulfate solution through an ion exchange resin column to finish deep purification of the lithium sulfate purified solution. The method is suitable for impurity removal of the lithium sulfate purification completion liquid.