Icing-proof coating with low ice adhesion, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical fields of chemistry and chemical engineering, and relates to an icing-proof coating with low ice adhesion, and a preparation method and application thereof. The icing-proof coating provided by the invention is composed of an inorganic material and a cross-linked hydrophilic polyelectrolyte. The inorganic materials and the cross-linked hydrophilic polyelectrolyte are mixed and subjected to ball milling, and then coated on a substrate film, and cured to form the icing-proof coating. The inorganic material improves surface mechanical properties and wear resistance of the icing-proof coating, while the hydrophilic cross-linked polyelectrolyte ionizes a large amount of ions after water absorption; the ion solution with high concentration lowers the freezing point of water and enables an unfreezing water film to be formed on the surface of the icing-proof coating; therefore, a lubricating layer is introduced between ice and the surface of the icing-proof coating, so that the ice later on the substrate surface layer breaks away from the substrate surface under the action of gravity or wind to realize the icing-proof effect.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical fields of chemical engineering and materials, and relates to a kind of anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion and its preparation method and application. Background technique [0002] The energy problem is a worldwide problem that restricts economic development. In nature, icing or frosting is a very common phenomenon. When the water vapor in the air touches the surface of the substrate whose temperature is lower than the freezing point, the phenomenon of phase change and frosting will occur, but in production and life Icing or frosting will cause unnecessary waste of energy, lead to potential safety hazards and even catastrophic accidents, which have a great impact on people's production and life: for example, in the Baotou air crash in 2003, when the plane stayed overnight at the airport, the wing was damaged. The frost was not removed and the plane crashed; at the beginning of 2008, some areas in southern my c...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a large number of experiments and theoretical researches and achieved many academic achievements over the past few decades, the research on anti-icing / frost materials has not yet made breakthrough progress.

[0003] At present, the research on anti-icing materials is mainly divided into two categories. The first category is to adopt active methods. The common ones are as follows: (1) Mechanical deicing: that is, through appropriate deicing tools For deicing, it is obvious that although the cost is low, it will consume a lot of manpower and material resources, and this method is limited by weather and geography, so it cannot be popularized and used in a large area, and is subject to certain limitations; (2) heating deicing method: including electric heating deicing (CN 101120217A; CN 102136710A) and photothermal deicing (CN101499635A; CN 101562320A) and other methods, but these two methods have limited their promotion and application due to their relatively large energy consumption and technical processes that still need to be perfected; (3) chemical Additives: Additives are usually salts such as sodium chloride or liquids such as ethylene glycol, etc. After adding additives, the freezing point of water is lowered to prevent freezing, but this method has a limited temperature range and will pollute the soil , destroy the environment, and many countries in the world have reduced the use of additives; (4) biochemical methods: by extracting antifreeze proteins (Devries, A.L.; Wohlschlag, D.E.Science 1969, 163, 1073-1075; Hargens, A.R., Science, 1972, 176, 184-186; Davies, P.; Hew, C. FASEB J.1990, 4, 2460-2468; Esser-Kahn A.P.; Trang V.; , 13264-13269) is used for anti-icing. It is obvious that the cost of this method is relatively high. Although some progress has been made in the experiment, there are still many technical problems to be solved for large-scale promotion and application.

Second big class is to take passive way, coats anti-frost coating on substrate surface, mainly contains two kinds of anti-frost materials: (1) hydrophilic anti-frost material (CN 1061987A; CN 1044947A; CN 1048053A; CN 1104674A CN 1632014A; CN 1916094A), hydrophilic coating can absorb a large amount of water, and add ethylene glycol etc. to reduce freezing point and realize anti-frost effect, but the range of temperature and humidity that hydrophilic material uses is limited, and can reduce even after pollution Lose the function of anti-icing; (2) hydrophobic anti-icing material (CN 1556161A; CN 101307208A), hydrophobicity or superhydrophobic substrate surface because it has lower surface energy, water drop on the smooth hydrophobic substrate surface Can not spread completely, the contact area between the water droplet and the substrate surface is small, when the contact angle of the water droplet on the substrate surface increases with the decrease of the substrate surface energy, the contact area between the water droplet and the substrate surface gradually decreases, thus It reduces the heat conduction between the surface of the substrate and the water droplets, and delays the solidification of the water droplets, but as time increases and the temperature decreases, the hydrophobic material loses its anti-frost effect

[0004] Therefore, both the active method and the passive method have certain limitations. When the ambient temperature drops to a lower level or when the surface of the substrate is polluted, the coating on the surface of the substrate will lose its anti-icing effect.

Images