Method for preparing functional carbon material in salt recrystallization solid mode

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a functional carbon material in a salt recrystallization solid mode, belonging to the technical field of energy conversion and storage. The method comprises the following steps: packaging a precursor, which adsorbs iron salt or cobalt salt and has a certain geometrical shape, into a soluble salt crystal by continuous recrystallization; and carrying out pyrolysis to remove the soluble salt crystal, thereby obtaining the functional carbon material. The functional carbon material can perfectly maintain the geometrical shape of the precursor and control the pore structure by utilizing the complete sealing action of the salt crystal, can construct abundant micropores attached to the multilevel mass transfer channels of the three-dimensional skeleton, effectively lowers the precursor loss in the pyrolysis process, and enhances the active spot density. The functional carbon material prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical properties; when the functional carbon material is used as a fuel battery cathode catalyst, the maximum power of the battery can reach 0.6 W / cm<-2>; and when being used as a supercapacitor electrode material, the functional carbon material has high conductivity and electric double layer capacitance characteristic.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conversion and storage, and in particular relates to a method for preparing functional carbon materials through salt recrystallization and solid state. Background technique

[0002] The development of new sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies that take full advantage of the energy that exists in intermittent forms is crucial to address the ever-increasing energy demand. Fuel cells have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and rapid start-up at room temperature, and are considered to be the most promising chemical power sources for electric vehicles and other civilian applications in the future. Supercapacitor has the characteristics of short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection, and is a new type of energy storage device. However, the high cost of platinum-based ca...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0041] (1) Pretreatment of three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0042] Weigh 8 grams of aniline and 1 gram of salicylic acid and dissolve them in 400 ml of deionized water, stir at room temperature for 24 hours to form an aqueous solution of aniline salicylic acid; then weigh 16 grams of ammonium persulfate and dissolve them in 100 ml of deionized water In water, an aqueous ammonium persulfate solution is formed; the above-mentioned ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added to the above-mentioned aniline salicylic acid aqueous solution at a rate of 0.8 ml / min, reacted for 48 hours, filtered and washed, ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to form a 5 g / ml Polyaniline suspension, soaked for 6 hours, filtered and washed, then ultrasonically dispersed the filter residue in ethanol to form a 5 g / ml polyaniline ethanol dispersion, soaked for 6 hours, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and vacuum-dried for 24 hour, obtain three-dimensional network polyaniline;

...

Embodiment 2

[0053] Step (1) is the same as step (1) in Example 1.

[0054] (2) Sodium chloride crystal encapsulated three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0055] According to three-dimensional network polyaniline: iron chloride mass ratio is 1: 1 and takes by weighing the three-dimensional network polyaniline and ferric chloride that step (1) obtains; Take by weighing 60 grams of sodium chloride and dissolve in 150 milliliters of 80 ℃ deionized water, Obtain a sodium chloride supersaturated solution; disperse the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline in 10 ml of deionized water, and stir ultrasonically for 2 hours to form a 3 g / ml three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension; then add ferric chloride to the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline In the suspension, after stirring and adsorbing for 24 hours, add 25 ml of sodium chloride supersaturated solution, continue to stir for 3 hours, then evaporate the solvent at 80 ° C, and slowly add 115 ml of ch...

Embodiment 3

[0068] Step (1) is the same as step (1) in Example 1.

[0069] (2) Sodium sulfate crystal encapsulated three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0070] According to three-dimensional network polyaniline: ferric sulfate: cobalt sulfate mass ratio is 1: 3: 4 and takes by weighing the three-dimensional network polyaniline, ferric sulfate and cobalt sulfate that step (1) obtains; Take by weighing 100 grams of sodium sulfate and dissolve in 180 milliliters of 70 ℃ deionized water to obtain a supersaturated solution of sodium sulfate; disperse the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline in 15 ml of deionized water, and ultrasonically stir for 1 hour to form a 0.2 g / ml three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension; then ferric sulfate and cobalt sulfate Add it to the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension, stir and absorb for 36 hours, add 20 ml of sodium sulfate supersaturated solution, continue stirring for 4 hours, then evaporate the solven...

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conversion and storage, and in particular relates to a method for preparing functional carbon materials through salt recrystallization and solid state. Background technique

[0002] The development of new sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies that take full advantage of the energy that exists in intermittent forms is crucial to address the ever-increasing energy demand. Fuel cells have the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and rapid start-up at room temperature, and are considered to be the most promising chemical power sources for electric vehicles and other civilian applications in the future. Supercapacitor has the characteristics of short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection, and is a new type of energy storage device. However, the high cost of platinum-based ca...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0041] (1) Pretreatment of three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0042] Weigh 8 grams of aniline and 1 gram of salicylic acid and dissolve them in 400 ml of deionized water, stir at room temperature for 24 hours to form an aqueous solution of aniline salicylic acid; then weigh 16 grams of ammonium persulfate and dissolve them in 100 ml of deionized water In water, an aqueous ammonium persulfate solution is formed; the above-mentioned ammonium persulfate aqueous solution is added to the above-mentioned aniline salicylic acid aqueous solution at a rate of 0.8 ml / min, reacted for 48 hours, filtered and washed, ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water to form a 5 g / ml Polyaniline suspension, soaked for 6 hours, filtered and washed, then ultrasonically dispersed the filter residue in ethanol to form a 5 g / ml polyaniline ethanol dispersion, soaked for 6 hours, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and vacuum-dried for 24 hour, obtain three-dimensional network polyaniline;

...

Embodiment 2

[0053] Step (1) is the same as step (1) in Example 1.

[0054] (2) Sodium chloride crystal encapsulated three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0055] According to three-dimensional network polyaniline: iron chloride mass ratio is 1: 1 and takes by weighing the three-dimensional network polyaniline and ferric chloride that step (1) obtains; Take by weighing 60 grams of sodium chloride and dissolve in 150 milliliters of 80 ℃ deionized water, Obtain a sodium chloride supersaturated solution; disperse the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline in 10 ml of deionized water, and stir ultrasonically for 2 hours to form a 3 g / ml three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension; then add ferric chloride to the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline In the suspension, after stirring and adsorbing for 24 hours, add 25 ml of sodium chloride supersaturated solution, continue to stir for 3 hours, then evaporate the solvent at 80 ° C, and slowly add 115 ml of ch...

Embodiment 3

[0068] Step (1) is the same as step (1) in Example 1.

[0069] (2) Sodium sulfate crystal encapsulated three-dimensional network polyaniline

[0070] According to three-dimensional network polyaniline: ferric sulfate: cobalt sulfate mass ratio is 1: 3: 4 and takes by weighing the three-dimensional network polyaniline, ferric sulfate and cobalt sulfate that step (1) obtains; Take by weighing 100 grams of sodium sulfate and dissolve in 180 milliliters of 70 ℃ deionized water to obtain a supersaturated solution of sodium sulfate; disperse the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline in 15 ml of deionized water, and ultrasonically stir for 1 hour to form a 0.2 g / ml three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension; then ferric sulfate and cobalt sulfate Add it to the above-mentioned three-dimensional network polyaniline suspension, stir and absorb for 36 hours, add 20 ml of sodium sulfate supersaturated solution, continue stirring for 4 hours, then evaporate the solven...

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