A Concentration Capacitor

A capacitor and concentration difference technology, applied in the field of energy storage and conversion, can solve problems such as concentration difference, increase system cost, and easy corrosion life, and achieve the effect of alleviating the greenhouse effect, wide selection range, and easy corrosion

Active Publication Date: 2019-06-25
DALIAN UNIV OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, metal electrodes are easily corroded in the air, and the concentration of the two half-cells will gradually approach, the potential difference will eventually approach zero, and the voltage maintenance life will be short
In short, the characteristics of the concentration difference battery are: metal electrodes, concentration difference, salt bridge and redox reaction, etc.; the disadvantages are: easy to corrode and short life, etc.
The disadvantages of this technology are: an external power supply is required, which increases the system cost and reduces energy efficiency; the output power density is low, and the performance needs to be improved

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0028] Example 1: Filmless Concentration Capacitor

[0029] The capacitor in this embodiment consists of electrodes, separators and current collectors, such as figure 1 shown.

[0030] The asymmetric electrodes are positively charged polytetra-vinylpyridine modified activated carbon electrode and negatively charged nitric acid oxidation treated activated carbon electrode. The preparation steps of the electrode are as follows:

[0031] 5 g of activated carbon was mixed with 2 ml of polytetravinylpyridine and ultrasonically dispersed in 250 ml of deionized water. The mixture is heated to 90 o C and add 36 mg of potassium persulfate, and polymerize for 24 h under the protection of nitrogen. The reaction product was vacuum filtered, washed with water and dried. The resulting solid was mixed with 50 ml N-N dimethylformamide and heated to 65 o c. Add 1 g of 1,4-dibromobutane, and cross-link for 48 h. After suction filtration and washing with ethanol, the mixture was disperse...

Embodiment 2

[0035] Embodiment 2: membrane type concentration difference capacitor

[0036] The capacitor in this embodiment is made up of electrode, non-selective filter membrane and current collector, as image 3 shown. The symmetrical electrodes are negatively charged graphene hydrogel electrodes. The preparation steps of the electrode are as follows:

[0037] Take 15 ml of graphite oxide dispersion with a concentration of 3 mg / ml and add it to a hydrothermal kettle with a capacity of 20 ml. Put it in the oven, 180 o C for 12 h. A columnar black graphene hydrogel can be obtained. Cut the hydrogel into tablets with a thickness of approximately 3.5-4.0 mm with a razor blade. Use a puncher with an inner diameter of 1 cm to punch out electrodes to be used on the cut hydrogel. Compress it into a titanium mesh with a tablet press. A monolithic electrode without binder can be obtained.

[0038] The filter membrane is a commercially available common mixed cellulose filter membrane.

...

Embodiment 3

[0040] Embodiment 3: Anion exchange membrane type concentration difference capacitor

[0041] The capacitor in this embodiment consists of electrodes, an anion exchange membrane that only allows anions to pass through, and a current collector, such as Figure 5 shown. The symmetrical electrodes are negatively charged graphene hydrogel electrodes.

[0042] The preparation of graphene hydrogel electrodes is as described in Example 2.

[0043] The anion exchange membrane is the AHA membrane of Japan ASTOM Company.

[0044] Sodium chloride solutions with concentrations of 20 mM and 500 mM flowed simultaneously through two channels separated by a filter membrane between the electrodes. When the upper channel passes through the concentrated solution and the lower channel passes through the dilute solution, the sodium ions in the concentrated solution are adsorbed on the negatively charged graphene hydrogel electrode, and the anions will pass through the filter membrane and enter ...

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PUM

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Abstract

A concentration difference capacitor belongs to the field of energy storage and conversion. In the capacitor, a carbon-based material capable of being absorbed to or desorbed from an electrolyte is used as an electrode, and free energy in two strands of fluids with concentration difference is converted to electric energy. The capacitor is an energy conversion device, ions in a solution enters in and out of the electrode when the fluids with different concentrations pass through the capacitor, electric field intensity between the electrodes is affected, and an AC current is generated in a loop.(1) the concentration different capacitor can be used for extracting the free energy in the solution, and the used porous carbon material is good in stability; (2) the generated voltage is long in duration, and a fluctuating voltage can be generated all the way as long as the fluids with different concentrations are continuously introduced; (3) the electrolyte is wide in selection range, and gases with different concentrations and waste water with different concentrations can be employed; and (4), compared with a concentration difference battery, the concentration difference capacitor has theadvantages that a metal electrode easy to corrode is prevented from being used, a salt bridge is not needed, energy can be continuously generated, and the application range is wider.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a concentration difference capacitor, which belongs to the field of energy storage and conversion. Background technique [0002] A concentration cell is a galvanic cell consisting of two half-cells differing only in concentration, which converts free energy in solution into electricity. For example, two half-cells connected by a salt bridge: a concentration cell consisting of metallic copper electrodes and dilute copper sulfate solution, and metallic copper electrodes and concentrated copper sulfate solutions. Concentration batteries can be divided into two types: concentration batteries formed with different electrolyte concentrations, called ion concentration batteries; the other type is electrode concentration batteries, with the same electrode materials but different concentrations. The reason why it is called a battery is that an irreversible redox reaction occurs between the electrodes and the electrolyte. However, meta...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01G11/32H01G11/26H01G11/54
Inventor 邱介山詹菲王刚
Owner DALIAN UNIV OF TECH
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