55 results about "Concentration cell" patented technology

A solid electrolyte thermoelectrochemical system which employs a non-porous solid electrolyte as membrane between an anode compartment and a cathode compartment. The system utilizes the principles of a concentration cell using a non-porous inorganic solid electrolyte membrane and ionic solutions of differing concentration.

The invention relates to a sensor for measuring the total content of nitrogen oxides in mixed gas. The sensor is characterized in that: the sensor comprises two inner chambers and a diffusion slit between the chambers, the first chamber is provided with an oxygen pump cell, gas to be measured can enter the first chamber, and the oxygen pump cell pumps oxygen in the gas to be measured into the chamber and oxidizes NO in the NOx mixed gas to be measured into NO2. The NO2 gas enters the second chamber through the diffusion slit between the two chambers. The second chamber is provided with a concentration cell capable of detecting the oxygen concentration in the chamber. The concentration cell and the oxygen pump cell are cooperated to allow the oxygen concentration in the second chamber to be constant and to guarantee that the oxygen in the first chamber is excessive. The second chamber is also provided with two NO2 detection electrodes. The position between the two electrodes is coated with a NO2 sensitive material. Measurement is performed by detecting the resistance value between the electrodes. The resistance value is corresponding to the NO2 concentration so as to reflect the total content of the NOx.

A thermoelectric conversion apparatus has an evaporator for heating a working medium in liquid-phase to evaporate the working medium, an electric generator for forming a concentration cell for electric power generation when it is supplied with a reactive gas and the working medium evaporated by the evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator for being supplied with a mixed gas of the working medium and a cathode off-gas discharged from the electric generator and separating the mixed gas into the working medium and the reactive gas. The thermoelectric conversion apparatus also has an anode supply passage for supplying the reactive gas separated by the gas-liquid separator to the electric generator, and a cathode supply passage for supplying the working medium separated by the gas-liquid separator through the evaporator to the electric generator.

An inter-cylinder air-fuel-ratio imbalance determination apparatus includes an air-fuel-ratio sensor in an exhaust passage of an engine. The air-fuel-ratio sensor functions as a limiting-current-type wide range air-fuel-ratio sensor when a voltage is applied, and functions as a concentration-cell-type oxygen concentration sensor when no voltage is applied. The determination apparatus causes the air-fuel-ratio sensor to function as the limiting-current-type wide range air-fuel-ratio sensor, and executes air-fuel ratio feedback control on the basis of the output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor. When an imbalance determination parameter is obtained, the determination apparatus causes the air-fuel-ratio sensor to function as the concentration-cell-type oxygen concentration sensor, and obtains, as the imbalance determination parameter, a value corresponding to the differentiated value of the output value of the air-fuel-ratio sensor. The determination apparatus determines an inter-cylinder air-fuel-ratio imbalance state, when the absolute value of the imbalance determination parameter is greater than an imbalance determination threshold value.

The invention relates to a barium zirconate proton conductor designed by complex phase structure with a high electric conductivity and its manufacturing method. The invention is coating a layer of NaOH or sulfate around the crystal grain of the barium zirconate. The manufacturing method is: taking the BaCO3, ZrO2 and Y2O3 as raw material, water as medium, ball milling mixing for 4-10 hours, calcining for 4-12 hours in 1200-1400 DEG C; then adding 1-10% molar ZnO, ball milling mixing for 4-10 hours, adding 5-50% mol NaOH or K2SO4 or Na2SO4 or Li2SO4 in a way of hand lapping to make the mixture uniform; putting the mixing material into the die and dry pressing molding under a pressure of 50-120 MPa, and then isopressing under 200-350 MPa; sintering in the air of 1200-1500 DEG C with a heating rate of 2-10 DEG C / minute and keeping warm for 2-10 hours, then cooling to the room temperature to produce the barium zirconate proton conductor material with a high electric conductivity. The invention adopts the new designing thought of complex phase structure to establish a foundation for exploiting hydrogen gas and vapor sensor, hydrogen pump and concentration cell electrolyte material.

This invention discloses a proton conductor material of high electric conductance of La2Zr2O7matrix doped at Zr bit and its preparation method, in which, the molecular structure of the material is: La2Zr2-xMxO7-delta, and M is Yb3+, Er3+, Gd3+ or Sc3+, x is 0.01-1, delta is x / 2. The preparation process includes: taking La2O3, ZrO2 and Yb2O3 or Er2O3, Gd2O3 or Sc2O3 as the raw materials to match with them according to the mol ratio of each material in terms of the molecular formula and adds dispersant in light of the mass percentage of the adjuvant then to ball-mill and mix them with the adjuvant with water or alcohol as the medium to be dried to get powder to be milled, dried, screened, synthesized and heat-preserved to get the material, which is ball-milled and pressed to be sintered in 1400-1650deg.C and cooled to the room temperature to get the material.

The invention relates to recombination doping zirconic acid lanthanum proton conductor material and its preparation method. Its chemical formula and matching is: La2-yNyZr2-xMxO7-delta;M is that Yb3+,Er3+,Gd3+,Sc3+ are doping in Zr bit, x is 0.01-1;N is Sr2+,Ca2+ are doping in La bit, y is 0.002-0.4;delta is oxygen vacant site, it depends on x and y. Dosage as proportion, water or alcohol is the medium, it is ball grinded and mixed for 4-10 hours and then dried, then synthesized in 1400DEG C, heat preserved for 2-20 hours. The synthesized material is then ball grinded, dried, screened, and loaded into die. The pressure is 50-120MPa, it is isostatic pressing, the pressure is 120-300MPa;it is adglutinated in 1400-1650DEG C, the warming-up rate is 2-10DEG C / minute, heat preserved for 2-50 hours, then cooled to room temperature, the doping zirconic acid lanthanum material is produced. The invention adopts the recombination doping which is not reported to produce proton conductor material which possesses perfect conductivity; it lays the foundation of developing hydrogen gas and steam sensor, hydrogen pump, accelerant and concentration cell electrolyte material.

The invention relates to a hydrogen concentration sensor utilizing cell voltage resulting from hydrogen partial pressure difference. Provided is a hydrogen concentration sensor for measuring the hydrogen concentration in an anode sub-system of a fuel cell system. The hydrogen concentration sensor includes a membrane, a first catalyst layer on one side of the membrane and a second catalyst layer on an opposite side of the membrane where the sensor operates as a concentration cell. The first catalyst layer is exposed to fresh hydrogen for the anode side of a fuel cell stack and the second catalyst layer is exposed to an anode recirculation gas from an anode exhaust of the fuel cell stack. The voltage generated by the sensor allows the hydrogen partial pressure in the recirculation gas to be determined, from which the hydrogen concentration can be determined.

A method of producing low hemoglobin concentration cell percentage (LHCC %) and the method of use for detection of iron deficiency have been disclosed. LHCC % is a sigmoid function of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), which correlates linearly with hypochromic red cell percentage.

A method and apparatus for the accumulation and storage of energy in electrically reversible manner wherein a two chamber electrochemical cell(a single one or part of an array of such cells) has an electrolyte of common specie solutions in the multi-chambers associated with cell electrodes and application of voltage to the electrodes causes dissimilar concentrations of ions in two chambers so that the energy is stored and reversing polarity of the electrodes allows energy discharge and normalization of concentration. Materials may be reversibly stored in the cell as solids when exceeding the solubility limits of the electrolyte, such storage being done preferably at porous electrode surfaces.

The invention discloses a concentration cell capable of continuously generating electricity. The concentration cell capable of continuously generating electricity comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrode partition, a high-concentration solution inlet, a low-concentration solution inlet, a high-concentration solution container, a low-concentration solution container, an electricity-generated solution outlet, a high-concentration solution supplying system and a low-concentration solution supplying system, wherein the electrode partition is clamped between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; solution channels are reserved between the electrode partition and the electrodes; the high-concentration solution inlet is correspondingly communicated with a high-concentration solution channel; the low-concentration solution inlet is correspondingly communicated with a low-concentration solution channel; solutions in the low-concentration solution container and the high-concentration solution container respectively flow into the low-concentration solution inlet and the high-concentration solution inlet; a high-concentration solution flows through the high-concentration solution channel from one side of the electrode partition; a concentration solution flows through the low-concentration solution channel from the other side of the electrode partition. Electricity-generated solutions are constantly discharged from the outlet, and an output voltage is generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

The invention discloses a concentration cell comprising electrolyte solutions, a container used for containing the electrolyte solutions, a semipermeable membrane and noble electrodes. The container is partitioned into a first chamber and a second chamber, which are equivoluminal, through the semipermeable membrane; the noble electrodes are inserted into the electrolyte solutions in the first chamber and the second chamber respectively. The concentration cell is simple in structure, a stable, continuous and low-voltage low current can be obtained only by supplementing water periodically, and electrical energy which can be utilized directly can be generated by means of parallel connection of multiple concentration cells.

The invention relates to a sensor based on a concentration cell principle. The sensor is used for quantitatively detecting glucose concentration in human blood. As shown in the figures, the sensor comprises two electrodes (1) and (2), wherein the electrodes are in contact with solutions in two electrochemical pools (3) and (4), respectively; the two electrochemical pools have ion exchange through a nafion film (5); electro-active materials are contained in the two electrochemical pools (3) and (4). In the detection process, to-be-detected matter in a sample changes the concentrations of the electro-active materials in the electrochemical pools by reacting, thereby changing an electric signal (such as current or voltage) between the two electrodes; quantitative detection is performed by detecting a relation between the electric signal detected by (6) and the concentration of the to-be-detected matter. A reference electrode (such as a silver / silver chloride electrode) required by traditional electrochemical sense is not required by the sensor, the two electrodes can be made of the same material (such as graphite), the manufacturing technique is simple, and the cost is low; the influences of interfering matter in a sample on the detection can be eliminated, and thus the detection accuracy is increased.

The present invention relates to a nitrogen oxide sensor chip and preparation method thereof. A technical scheme is as below: a silk-screen printing mode is employed to print each component of a heating resistor (1), a nitrogen oxide concentration cell (2) and an STF oxygen-sensitive resistor (3) on an alumina substrate sheet (4) surface by using corresponding slurry; and after each printing, a corresponding process is used for sintering, so as to obtain the nitrogen oxide sensor chip. Compared with the prior art, the nitrogen oxide sensor chip prepared by the invention has the characteristics of simple preparation and low cost; and the prepared nitrogen oxide sensor chip has good measuring effect and can simultaneously measure the nitrogen oxide content and oxygen content.

The invention designs and prepares a novel fluid differential salt concentration cell capable of continuously supplying power, in particular to a fluid differential salt concentration cell which is characterized in that salt concentrated liquids with different concentrations are introduced to an electrochemical cell with an electrolyte filling opening and an electrolyte outlet, and kinetic energy is converted into electric energy through the diffusion of cations in a salt solution. In the invention, ions capable of continuously diffusing are provided by a flowing electrolyte salt solution, and the continuous supply of the salt solution is the basis for keeping the generated current continuous and constant.

The invention relates to a novel aluminum sensor and a preparation method thereof which belong to the technical field of electrochemical sensors. The sensor comprises a dense aluminum ion conductive solid electrolyte tube and a Zn-Al alloy reference electrode sealed in the tube. The chemical composition of the aluminum ion conductive solid electrolyte which serves as the electrolyte is Al2 (WO4)3, and the aluminum content in reference electrode Zn-Al alloy is 20 to 1 weight percent. The preparation method of the sensor comprises the following steps: preparation of aluminum ion conductive solid electrolyte powder and the preparation of the tube; and the preparation of the sensor. A concentration cell of the sensor is Al(ax) |Al3+conductor|Zn-Al(as), Ni. The emf expression of the cell is as follows: E=RT / 3Fln (as / ax) (as refers to the activity of Al in the reference electrode, and ax refers to the activity of Al in zinc solution). Because as is known, the activity of Al in the zinc solution can be worked out according to the determined emf E. The invention has the advantages that the solid electrolyte is used to replace molten salt electrolyte, the work performance of the sensor can be significantly improved, so that the preparation is simplified and the use is convenient.

The present invention belongs to the applicatino of motive electricity generation. High heat source and oxygen concentration cell pile are made to constitute power generator. High temperature heat source produces heat to make the oxygen concentration cells in high temperature working state, and the oxygen concentration cell pile comprising many oxygen concentration cells connected serially and parallelly is inside the oxygen chamber. The oxygen supplying device connected to the oxygen chamber supplies oxygen for the oxygen chamber. The inner cavity of the oxygen concentration cell has lower oxygen pressure in the inner cavity than in the outer cavity. The present invention has high power generating efficiency, less high speed rotating parts, and less environmental pollution.

The invention belongs to a barium zirconate proton conductor material with a multi-phase structure and a preparation method thereof. Burdening is conducted according to the following ratio: BaCO3:ZrO2:Sc2O3=1:1:0.05-0.30 mole, ball-milling and mixing are conducted by taking water as a medium, and then calcining is conducted to obtain a Sc2O3-doped BaZrO3 matrix material; ZnO of 1-10% mole is added, then CaF2, BaF2 or NaF of 5-50% mole is added by taking the matrix material as a benchmark after the ball-milling, mixing and sieving, and grinding mixture to be even; the mixture is put into a mould to be molded by dry pressing, and subjected to 200-350 MPa isostatic pressing; and the mixture is sintered in air atmosphere at 1200-1500 DEG C, and then naturally cooled to room temperature, thus obtaining the barium zirconate proton conductor material with the multi-phase structure. The invention provides a new idea for conducting multi-phase structure and doping modification on a barium zirconate proton conductor simultaneously, and solves the restriction of grain boundaries on material conductivity through microscopic structure design and control, with the material conductivity being expected to be above 10-2 S / cm, thus laying a foundation for the development of hydrogen and steam sensors, hydrogen pumps and concentration cell electrolyte materials.

A hydrogen concentration sensor for measuring the hydrogen concentration in an anode sub-system of a fuel cell system. The hydrogen concentration sensor includes a membrane, a first catalyst layer on one side of the membrane and a second catalyst layer on an opposite side of the membrane where the sensor operates as a concentration cell. The first catalyst layer is exposed to fresh hydrogen for the anode side of a fuel cell stack and the second catalyst layer is exposed to an anode recirculation gas from an anode exhaust of the fuel cell stack. The voltage generated by the sensor allows the hydrogen partial pressure in the recirculation gas to be determined, from which the hydrogen concentration can be determined.

This invention relates to chips of two-way serial sheet oxygen sensors for testing oxygen concentration in car tail-gas including: a limit current oxygen sensor, a concentration cell oxygen sensor, a heater, a sealed cavity, a cavity, in which, said limit current oxygen sensor, the concentration cell oxygen sensor, the heater and the sealed cavity are static-pressed to molding to be sintered to an entity. This invention also relates to the two-way serial sheet oxygen sensors and the chip is composed of a limit current oxygen sensor, concentration cell oxygen sensor to integrate ZrO< 2 > electrolyte, a porous film, a heater and a porous Pt electrode as one.

The invention relates to a concentration cell which is sequentially composed of an anode chamber, an anode attached to an ion exchange membrane, anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes which are arranged alternately, a cathode attached to the ion exchange membrane, and a cathode chamber which are arranged from left to right; a clearance is respectively arranged between the anion exchange membrane and the adjacent anode exchange membrane to form more than one alkali liquor chamber and more than one acid liquor chamber which are independent; and the alkali liquor chambers and acid liquor chambers are alternately arranged from left to right. The concentration cell has the functions of treating wastes, reducing CO2 emission, generating power and producing chemicals; the concentration cell has low H2 consumption so as to avoid danger, and the whole cell system does not generate net consumption; and the concentration cell does not have moving parts, and thus, is low in maintenance cost.

The invention relates to fixed electrolyte concentration cell used to detect the content of sulfur in the molten iron that belongs to the electrochemistry field. The characteristics of fixed electrolyte concentration cell used to detect the content of sulfur in the molten iron are: the reference pole is Mo|Mo+MoS2, the solid electrolyte is MgS-TiS2, the content of TiS2 is 1-10%, the expression is Mo|Mo+MoS2|MgS-TiS2|[S]Fe|Mo, the [S]Fe|M is to be measured. The detecting sulfur probe can detect the sulfur content in the molten iron quickly and exactly, and the quick analysis can be realized, and the quick preprocess of molten iron can be done, and it improves the desulfurization efficiency, reduces the desulfurization cost and reduce the production cost in the steel-making course.

The invention discloses a seawater desalination system with an energy recovery device and a concentration difference battery power generation device. The system comprises a pre-filtering unit, a reverse osmosis treatment unit, a membrane capacitance deionization treatment unit, a post-filtering unit and a concentration difference battery power generation unit, the reverse osmosis treatment unit iscoupled with the membrane capacitance deionization treatment unit, sea water desalination is carried out through coupling complementary waterway and circuit design in order to improve the water quality and realize device waterway water outlet continuity, pressure potential energy of high-pressure concentrated water in the reverse osmosis treatment unit and electric energy released by desorption in the membrane capacitance deionization treatment unit are recycled to optimize and save the energy consumption, and the concentration difference battery generates power by utilizing a concentration difference between the low-pressure concentrated seawater flowing out of the reverse osmosis treatment unit and pretreated seawater flowing out of the pre-filtering unit in order to further reduce theenergy consumption of the system and reduce harms of direct discharge of the concentrated seawater to the environment.

A method of producing low hemoglobin concentration cell percentage (LHCC %) and the method of use for detection of iron deficiency have been disclosed. LHCC % is a sigmoid function of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), which correlates linearly with hypochromic red cell percentage.

The invention relates to a power generating device, in particular to an ionic concentration cell capable of efficiently and continuously generating power. The ionic concentration cell comprises a low-concentration solution inlet, a high-concentration solution inlet, a solution outlet, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and can form a stable solution interface where a high-concentration solution is in contact with a low-concentration solution. The concentration cell has the advantages that the power generation efficiency is high and the structure is simple.

Energy storage and conversion systems are, formed when tightly integrated components including thermochemical storage subsystem with a concentration cell to provide very high capacity and high energy density systems. Systems taught here include the unique combination of a thermochemical energy storage module in close thermal communication with a direct energy converter in the form of a concentration cell. A closed-loop thermochemical module receives heat input at a receiving port to drive a reversible chemical reaction. The end-to-end system achieves an ‘on-demand’ functionality because the reagents of said chemical reaction may be safely stored for long periods of time without detrimental effect. When these reagents are again reunited, they produce heat that may be transmitted to the direct energy converter arranged to convert so received heat directly into an electric output suitable for doing work on an external system. Heat from the storage system drives a working fluid of the concentration cell type direct converter to ionize it. Electrons separated from atoms or molecules of the gas at a very special membrane arranged to efficiently facilitate ion migration form an electrical current that is operable for doing work when applied to an external load. Upon recombination with the ions the working fluid is restored to its original state and becomes available for another cycle. Thus, the direct energy converter or concentration cell is also a closed-loop system.

The present invention belongs to the applicatino of motive electricity generation. High heat source and oxygen concentration cell pile are made to constitute power generator. High temperature heat source produces heat to make the oxygen concentration cells in high temperature working state, and the oxygen concentration cell pile comprising many oxygen concentration cells connected serially and parallelly is inside the oxygen chamber. The oxygen supplying device connected to the oxygen chamber supplies oxygen for the oxygen chamber. The inner cavity of the oxygen concentration cell has lower oxygen pressure in the inner cavity than in the outer cavity. The present invention has high power generating efficiency, less high speed rotating parts, and less environmental pollution.