295results about "Immersion cells" patented technology

Protected anode architectures have ionically conductive protective membrane architectures that, in conjunction with compliant seal structures and anode backplanes, effectively enclose an active metal anode inside the interior of an anode compartment. This enclosure prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment external to the anode compartment, which may include aqueous, ambient moisture, and / or other materials corrosive to the active metal. The compliant seal structures are substantially impervious to anolytes, catholyes, dissolved species in electrolytes, and moisture and compliant to changes in anode volume such that physical continuity between the anode protective architecture and backplane are maintained. The protected anode architectures can be used in arrays of protected anode architectures and battery cells of various configurations incorporating the protected anode architectures or arrays.

Protected anode architectures have ionically conductive protective membrane architectures that, in conjunction with compliant seal structures and anode backplanes, effectively enclose an active metal anode inside the interior of an anode compartment. This enclosure prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment external to the anode compartment, which may include aqueous, ambient moisture, and / or other materials corrosive to the active metal. The compliant seal structures are substantially impervious to anolytes, catholyes, dissolved species in electrolytes, and moisture and compliant to changes in anode volume such that physical continuity between the anode protective architecture and backplane are maintained. The protected anode architectures can be used in arrays of protected anode architectures and battery cells of various configurations incorporating the protected anode architectures or arrays.

A sorbent media protective device includes an enclosure having a gas inlet, gas outlet and a thin-film multilayer indicator. The thin-film multilayer indicator is proximate sorbent media that can sorb a vapor of interest flowing from the gas inlet towards the gas outlet. The indicator includes a porous detection layer whose optical thickness changes in the presence of the vapor, located between a semireflective layer and a reflective layer permeable to the vapor. With equilibration at the applied vapor concentration between at least a portion of the media and the vapor, the vapor can pass through the reflective layer into the detection layer and change the detection layer optical thickness sufficiently to cause a visibly discernible change in the indicator appearance if viewed through the semireflective layer.

Protected anode architectures for active metal anodes have a polymer adhesive seal that provides an hermetic enclosure for the active metal of the protected anode inside an anode compartment. The compartment is substantially impervious to ambient moisture and battery components such as catholyte (electrolyte about the cathode), and prevents volatile components of the protected anode, such as anolyte (electrolyte about the anode), from escaping. The architecture is formed by joining the protected anode to an anode container. The polymer adhesive seals provide an hermetic seal at the joint between a surface of the protected anode and the container.

Alkali (or other active) metal battery and other electrochemical cells incorporating active metal anodes together with aqueous cathode / electrolyte systems. The battery cells have a highly ionically conductive protective membrane adjacent to the alkali metal anode that effectively isolates (de-couples) the alkali metal electrode from solvent, electrolyte processing and / or cathode environments, and at the same time allows ion transport in and out of these environments. Isolation of the anode from other components of a battery cell or other electrochemical cell in this way allows the use of virtually any solvent, electrolyte and / or cathode material in conjunction with the anode. Also, optimization of electrolytes or cathode-side solvent systems may be done without impacting anode stability or performance. In particular, Li / water, Li / air and Li / metal hydride cells, components, configurations and fabrication techniques are provided.

Active metal and active metal intercalation electrode structures and battery cells having ionically conductive protective architecture including an active metal (e.g., lithium) conductive impervious layer separated from the electrode (anode) by a porous separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte (anolyte). This protective architecture prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the impervious layer, which may include aqueous or non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (catholytes) and / or a variety electrochemically active materials, including liquid, solid and gaseous oxidizers. Safety additives and designs that facilitate manufacture are also provided.

Ingestible event markers having high reliability are provided. Aspects of the ingestible event markers include a support, a control circuit, a first electrochemical material, a second electrochemical material and a membrane. In addition, the ingestible event markers may include one or more components that impart high reliability to the ingestible event marker. Further, the ingestible event markers may include an active agent. In some aspects, the active agent, such as a pharmaceutically active agent or a diagnostic agent may be associated with the membrane.

A magnesium battery electrode assembly is described, including a current collector comprising a carbonaceous material and an electrode layer comprising an electrode active material disposed on the current collector.

In one implementation, a reactive metal-water battery includes an anode comprising a metal in atomic or alloy form selected from the group consisting of periodic table Group 1A metals, periodic table Group 2A metals and mixtures thereof. The battery includes a cathode comprising water. Such also includes a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a polyphosphazene comprising ligands bonded with a phosphazene polymer backbone. The ligands comprise an aromatic ring containing hydrophobic portion and a metal ion carrier portion. The metal ion carrier portion is bonded at one location with the polymer backbone and at another location with the aromatic ring containing hydrophobic portion. The invention also contemplates such solid polymer electrolytes use in reactive metal / water batteries, and in any other battery.

Protected anode architectures have ionically conductive protective membrane architectures that, in conjunction with compliant seal structures and anode backplanes, effectively enclose an active metal anode inside the interior of an anode compartment. This enclosure prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment external to the anode compartment, which may include aqueous, ambient moisture, and / or other materials corrosive to the active metal. The compliant seal structures are substantially impervious to anolytes, catholyes, dissolved species in electrolytes, and moisture and compliant to changes in anode volume such that physical continuity between the anode protective architecture and backplane are maintained. The protected anode architectures can be used in arrays of protected anode architectures and battery cells of various configurations incorporating the protected anode architectures or arrays.

Protected anode architectures have ionically conductive protective membrane architectures that, in conjunction with compliant seal structures and anode backplanes, effectively enclose an active metal anode inside the interior of an anode compartment. This enclosure prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment external to the anode compartment, which may include aqueous, ambient moisture, and / or other materials corrosive to the active metal. The compliant seal structures are substantially impervious to anolytes, catholytes, dissolved species in electrolytes, and moisture and compliant to changes in anode volume such that physical continuity between the anode protective architecture and backplane are maintained. The protected anode architectures can be used in arrays of protected anode architectures and battery cells of various configurations incorporating the protected anode architectures or arrays.

A method and apparatus for generating power from voltage gradients at sediment-water interfaces or within stratified euxinic water-columns is provided. Natural voltage gradients typically exist at and about sediment-water interfaces or in isolated water bodies. One electrode (anode) is positioned in the sediment or water just below the redox boundary and the other electrode (cathode) is positioned in the water above the redox boundary over the first electrode. The anode is lower in voltage than the cathode. Current will flow when the electrodes are connected through a load, and near-perpetual generating of worthwhile power may be sustained by the net oxidation of organic matter catalyzed by microorganisms.

Protected anode architectures provide a hermetic enclosure for an active metal (e.g., alkali metal, such as lithium) anode inside an anode compartment. The compartment is substantially impervious to ambient moisture and battery components such as catholyte (electrolyte about the cathode, and in some aspects catholyte may also comprise dissolved or suspended redox active species and redox active liquids), and prevents volatile components of the protected anode, such as anolyte (electrolyte about the anode), from escaping, while allowing for active metal ion transport between the anode and cathode into and out of the anode compartment.

Lithium metal anode protection, and various semi-fuel cell constructions for use in deep, high pressure seawater or air media are provided. The described lithium semi-fuel cells achieve record high energy densities, due to the high energy density of lithium anode and the use of the cathode reactant from the surrounding media, which is not part of the cell weight, and the use of ultralight and flexible packaging materials. These features make the described semi-fuel cells the ideal choice for powering underwater and air vehicles.

Water activated alkali metal battery cells, protected anode bi-polar electrodes and multi-cell stacks are configurable to achieve very high energy density. The cells, bi-polar electrode and multi-cell stacks include a protected anode and a cathode having a solid phase electro-active component material that is reduced during cell discharge.

A structural element for use in aerospace applications such as a structural element suitable as an aircraft component is described. In one embodiment of the invention, the composite structure comprises: (a) at least one member having an inner surface and an outer surface; (b) a rib having a first end and a second end; (c) a rib-receiving member integral to the inner surface of the at least one member, wherein the rib-receiving member comprises a plurality of rib-receiving elements and openings therein for receiving the first end of the rib and at least one cover sheet having an opening therein for receiving the first end of the rib; and (d) at least one anchoring element interconnecting the rib-receiving elements. In another embodiment of the invention, the composite structure comprises: (a) at least one member having an inner surface and an outer surface; (b) a rib having a first end and a second end; and (c) a rib-receiving member integral to the inner surface of the at least one member, wherein the rib-receiving member comprises a rib-receiving sleeve having an open end for receiving the rib and a closed end, and two sleeve support members, wherein the sleeve support members are disposed on opposite sides of the sleeve and interconnect the sleeve to the inner face of the at least one member.

Alkali (or other active) metal battery and other electrochemical cells incorporating active metal anodes together with aqueous cathode / electrolyte systems. The battery cells have a highly ionically conductive protective membrane adjacent to the alkali metal anode that effectively isolates (de-couples) the alkali metal electrode from solvent, electrolyte processing and / or cathode environments, and at the same time allows ion transport in and out of these environments. Isolation of the anode from other components of a battery cell or other electrochemical cell in this way allows the use of virtually any solvent, electrolyte and / or cathode material in conjunction with the anode. Also, optimization of electrolytes or cathode-side solvent systems may be done without impacting anode stability or performance. In particular, Li / water, Li / air and Li / metal hydride cells, components, configurations and fabrication techniques are provided.

This invention relates to a Mg sea-water cell based on the fuel cell technology theory which converts the dissolved oxygen in the sea to a cathode active substance by inert cathode, takes the sea water as the cell electrolyte and applies high potential Mg alloy as the anode to make it an independent chemical cell after immerging it in the sea. The cell only consumes Mg alloy anode when working and changes a new one after the Mg alloy anode is finished. The cell can work for a long time at a reliable and stable situation since the cell has a large capacity not necessary to have any pressure container, one Mg alloy anode can work continuously for 1-2 years, especially suitable for the work in the deep sea or the bottom.

A sorbent media protective device includes an enclosure having a gas inlet, gas outlet and a thin-film multilayer indicator. The thin-film multilayer indicator is proximate sorbent media that can sorb a vapor of interest flowing from the gas inlet towards the gas outlet. The indicator includes a porous detection layer whose optical thickness changes in the presence of the vapor, located between a semireflective layer and a reflective layer permeable to the vapor. With equilibration at the applied vapor concentration between at least a portion of the media and the vapor, the vapor can pass through the reflective layer into the detection layer and change the detection layer optical thickness sufficiently to cause a visibly discernible change in the indicator appearance if viewed through the semireflective layer.

To solve a problem that in a battery having a negative electrode having a capability of releasing a metal ion, a positive electrode for causing a liquid such as water or seawater to contribute to battery reaction, and an inorganic solid electrolyte, the inorganic solid electrolyte contacts the positive electrode for a long term, whereby a deterioration is generated from the interface between the electrolyte and the positive electrode so that the battery capacity falls or the battery cannot give a high power. The positive electrode and the inorganic solid electrolyte are not brought into contact with each other. Preferably, the interval between the positive electrode and the electrolyte is set to 0.3 nm or more.

The invention relates to a hydrogen evolution electrode, a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method specifically comprises: washing a foam metal foam nickel as a substrate,and electrochemically depositing a layer of a granular alloy containing one or more than two selected from nickel, cobalt and molybdenum on the surface; carrying out room temperature aging in a solution containing chlorine ions to from a layer of a nano-sheet-like hydroxide with a nano-scale thickness on the surface of the electroplating layer, wherein the hydroxide is corresponding to the electrodeposition metal; and electrochemically depositing trace platinum, and continuously carrying out room temperature aging to increase the thickness of the hydroxide so as to obtain the hydrogen evolution electrode with the multi-level pore channel structure. According to the present invention, the prepared hydrogen evolution cathode has the low platinum loading, has the excellent hydrogen evolutionmass specific activity at the platinum loading of lower than 10 [mu]g / cm<2>, and has good stability in the application of magnesium-water batteries.

Embodiments of the invention are related to biosorbable batteries, amongst other things. In an embodiment, the invention includes a biosorbable battery assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a biosorbable separation element. The anode can include an anode material, wherein electrochemical oxidation of the anode material results in the formation of reaction products that are substantially non-toxic. The cathode can include a cathode material, wherein electrochemical reduction of the cathode material results in the formation of reaction products that are substantially non-toxic, the cathode material having a larger standard reduction potential than the material of the anode. The biosorbable separation element can be disposed between the anode and the cathode and can be configured to provide electrical insulation between the anode and the cathode. In an embodiment, the invention includes a medical device system including an implanted medical device and a biosorbable battery in electrical communication with the implanted medical device. Other embodiments are also included herein.

A lubricant dispenser has a housing that has a bottom with a housing opening, a lid, and a housing mantle between them, a lubricant reservoir, and a gas generator disposed in the housing for pressing the lubricant out. The housing mantle is transparent or translucent, at least in some sections, and has at least one barrier layer. The barrier layer has a polymer base substance and an admixture of typically inorganic layer substances to improve the barrier properties.

An apparatus and method for generating power from the voltage gradient naturally found in marine sediments. A pump flows sediment porewater to an anode, and a cathode is exposed to marine water. The arrangement can power a circuit.

The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater battery equipment, and in particular relates to a graphene-magnesium seawater battery device. The graphene-magnesium seawater battery device consist of 1 to n groups of graphene-magnesium seawater battery units; the main body structure of each graphene-magnesium seawater battery unit comprises a shell, an upper part water-permeable hole, a bottom water-permeable hole, a convex cone, a magnesium alloy anode polar plate, a negative pole binding post, a graphene composite cathode polar plate, a positive pole binding post, an ion conducting plate grid, an inner seal cover, a binding post through hole, an outer seal cover, a lead hole, a voltage-resistant area, a negative pole output lead and a positive pole output lead; based on the technical principle of a fuel battery, the anode material adopts high-potential and inert AZ31 magnesium alloy, the cathode adopts a graphene composite material with high electrical conductivity and prominent catalytic reduction efficiency on seawater dissolved oxygen, and a seawater solution with dissolved oxygen more than or equal to 5 ppm and sodium chloride more than or equal to 3.5 percent serves as electrolyte; the graphene-magnesium seawater battery device is simple in structure, scientific and reasonable in principle, high in operability, low in cost, friendly in using environment, safe, environmentally friendly, high in popularization value, and easy to popularize and use.