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Systems and methods for hydrogen generation from solid hydrides

A technology of borohydride and hydrogen, applied in the field of systems and methods for generating hydrogen from solid hydrides, capable of solving problems such as limiting hydrogen storage density

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-06-13
MILLENNIUM CELL
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This excess water limits the effective hydrogen storage density

Method used

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  • Systems and methods for hydrogen generation from solid hydrides
  • Systems and methods for hydrogen generation from solid hydrides
  • Systems and methods for hydrogen generation from solid hydrides

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0056] Measurement of system kinetics and H in a semi-batch reactor system with solid granular sodium borohydride loaded in a 250 mL Pyrex reactor 2 flow rate. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was supplied with a syringe pump at the indicated flow rates and durations (Table 1). The reaction temperature was monitored with an internal thermocouple. The hydrogen was cooled to room temperature via a water / ice bath and any moisture was removed from the gas stream by passing it through a bed of silica gel. Measure the dry H with an online mass flow meter 2 flow rate. After each run was completed, the sodium borohydride conversion was analyzed using NMR of the reaction mixture.

[0057] The hydrogen production reaction can be stopped at various conversion levels by stopping the acid solution feed. This provides an efficient mechanism to control hydrogen production. The maximum temperature and maximum hydrogen flow rate of the system can be adjusted using the acid flow rate, as shown in ...

Embodiment 2

[0062] Using the procedure described in Example 1, kinetic hydrogen production rates were measured after periodic start-stop cycles at an acid solution feed rate of 10 wt-% HCl 10 mL / h. The acid flow was started and stopped repeatedly, the reactor was cooled to ambient temperature between stop / start cycles, and the rate of hydrogen production was measured, as shown in Figure 6. As the reaction proceeds, the solid sodium borohydride is converted to a mixture of borate compounds. Droplet diffusion of the acid solution through these products to unreacted sodium borohydride resulted in a somewhat reduced third-cycle reaction rate, but the start and stop kinetics remained fast.

Embodiment 3

[0064] According to one test, to 5 g of solid NaBH in a sealed container 4 1 wt% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added dropwise. Hydrogen evolution from this reaction was monitored with a mass flow meter. Figure 7 graphically illustrates the hydrogen flow rate when acidified water is added. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of hydrogen evolved is proportional to the amount of acid added, and the overall hydrogen yield corresponds to approximately 100% conversion of borohydride to hydrogen. The system response after hydrogen addition is also very fast, less than about 5s. Add to NaBH 4 The amount of water is NaBH 4 About 5 times the molar amount.

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Abstract

A system is disclosed for hydrogen generation based on the hydrolysis of solid chemical hydrides with the capability of controlled startup and stop characteristics wherein regulation of acid concentration, acid feed rate, or a combination of both control the rate of hydrogen generation. The system comprises a first chamber for storing a solid chemical hydride and a second chamber for storing an acidic reagent. The solid chemical hydride is a solid metal borohydride having the general formula MBH4, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, aluminum cation, zinc cation, and ammonium cation. The acidic reagent may comprise inorganic acids such as the mineral acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, or mixtures thereof.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60 / 647394, filed January 28, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60 / 562132, filed April 14, 2004, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference . field of invention [0002] The present invention relates to the production of hydrogen from fuel stored in solid form and the production of hydrogen therefrom using acidic reagents. Background of the invention [0003] Hydrogen is the fuel of choice for fuel cells. However, its general application is complicated by difficulties in storing the gas. Many hydrogen carriers including hydrocarbons, metal hydrides, and chemical hydrides have been considered as hydrogen storage and supply systems. In each case, specialized systems need to be developed in order to release the hydrogen from its support, either by reforming in the case of hydrocarbons, or by desorption from metal hydrides or catalytic hydrolysis by ch...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C01B3/02B01J7/02B01J19/24C01B3/06H01M8/04H01M8/06
CPCB01J7/02H01M8/04216C01B2203/1609H01M8/065C01B3/065Y02E60/362C01B2203/1604Y02E60/50B01J19/2475H01M8/04208B01J2219/00162Y02E60/36
Inventor Q·张R·M·莫林Y·吴
Owner MILLENNIUM CELL
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