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This invention relates to the field of fluorescence lifetime imaging, and discloses a wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging system and method based on a streak camera. The system includes an excitation source, a wide-field excitation module, a synchronous detection module, and a synchronous matching module. The wide-field excitation module is positioned along the transmission path of a pulsed laser. The synchronous detection module includes a collection and beam splitting component, a reference camera, and a streak camera component. The input end of the collection and beam splitting component receives the fluorescence beam emitted by the sample, and the output end of the component splits the fluorescence beam into a first detection optical path and a second detection optical path. The reference camera is positioned in the first detection optical path, and the streak camera component is positioned in the second detection optical path. The synchronous matching module is electrically connected to the excitation source, the reference camera, and the streak camera component, respectively. This invention avoids the complex optical encoding scheme and resulting fluorescence photon loss problems of traditional DMD systems, and eliminates the need for complex reconstruction algorithms, thus improving imaging efficiency.