243 results about "Grain orientation" patented technology

The invention provides a method and apparatus for predicting the failure of a component using a probabilistic model of a material's microstructural-based response to fatigue. The method predicts the component failure by a computer simulation of multiple incarnations of real material behavior, or virtual prototyping. The virtual prototyping simulates the effects of characteristics that include grain size, grain orientation, micro-applied stress and micro-yield strength that are difficult to simulate with real specimens. The invention provides an apparatus for predicting the response of a component to fatigue using the method.

A multilayered ceramic topcoat of a thermal barrier coating system is useful for high temperature corrosive applications such as hot section components in gas turbine engines. The ceramic topcoat includes at least two layers, each having generally columnar grain microstructures with different grain orientation directions. A preferred method of producing the multilayered ceramic topcoat includes positioning a superalloy substrate at a first angled orientation relative to a ceramic vapor cloud in an electron beam physical vapor deposition apparatus for a time sufficient to grow a first ceramic layer. The substrate is then reoriented to a second, different angled orientation for a time sufficient to grow a second ceramic layer. The ceramic layers exhibit columnar microstructures having respective grain orientation directions which are related to the first and second substrate orientations. For uniformly coating a complex contoured surface such as a turbine blade airfoil, the blade can be rotated during coating deposition at each angled orientation. Alternatively, the article may be continuously reoriented according to a predetermined speed cycle to produce generally arcuate, sinusoidal, helical, or other columnar grain microstructures.

A perpendicular magnetic recording medium suitable for attaining a low noise high magnetic recording density is obtained. The medium has a small average magnetic grain diameter, a small magnetic grain diameter distribution, a high perpendicular crystallographic magnetic grain orientation and a high regularity magnetic grain arrangement. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises a soft magnetic layer, a granular under-layer and a perpendicular magnetic recording layer on a substrate. The granular under-layer is formed on a metal under-layer. The metal grains in the granular layer are separated by nonmagnetic inter-grain material and are partially penetrated into the metal under-layer. The perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed on the granular layer. Then a perpendicular magnetic recording medium shows high signal to noise ratio and excellent high-density recording characteristics.

The invention discloses a quasi-continuous laser metal 3D printing method capable of realizing regulation of nickel base alloy crystallographic texture. Laser output is set as a quasi-continuous lasermode, and then a laser metal 3D printing technical window is preliminarily optimized. The temperature field of a molten bath under the preliminarily optimized parameter is calculated by using a finite element heat transfer model; the temperature gradient G and the cooling rate xi of the moving boundary of the molten bath during closing of laser in a single pulse period are extracted, and the growth length L of a single pulse internal columnar dendrite is worked out according to a structure growth theoretical model; the laser parameter is optimized according to the matching rule that the ratioof the scanning speed V to pulse frequency f is 0.5-0.8L, and finally 3D printing forming is conducted according to the optimized parameter, so that a formed part with the consistent crystallographicorientation height is obtained. By regulating the heat source output mode, an effective remelting mechanism for mixed crystal or isometric crystal is introduced in the scanning direction, all columnar dendrite growth is obtained, and the consistency of grain orientation is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a production method of oriented high-silicon steel thin plates, which belongs to the technical field of metal material production. The process comprises the following steps of: 1. obtaining cylindrical crystals grown in (100) directions by adopting a directional solidification method, and wherein the solidification rate is controlled between 0.6 and 15 mm / min and the temperature gradient is controlled between 60 and 400K / cm; 2. heating plate blanks at the heating temperature between 800 DEG C and 1300 DEG C, and then hot rolling the plate blanks to obtain sheet steel of 1.0-4.0mm; 3. carrying out annealing heat treatment and acid washing on the hot rolled plate blanks, and warm rolling the hot rolled plate blanks to obtain 0.4-0.8mm; and 4. carrying out heat treatment on warm rolled plates, and carrying out multiple cold rolling and secondary recrystallization annealing to obtain the oriented high-silicon steel. The production method has the advantages that the directional solidification method is utilized for controlling organization and crystal grain orientation from the material production source, a cold rolling method is used for producing alloy oriented plate materials, and the soft magnetic performance of the high-silicon steel is greatly improved. Produced cold rolled thin plates have good plate shapes.

The invention involves orienting the metal laminations that form a stator core end in such a way so as to reduce eddy current losses in the finger portions of the metal laminations. The metal laminations are positioned so that the grain orientation is parallel to the magnetic flux lines generated in the finger portions.

Subterranean hydrocarbon reservoirs are analyzed by characterizing the relative presence and character of microfractures in rock samples from the reservoirs. Core samples are saturated with a suspension of magnetite particles of known concentration. The samples are then subjected to an applied magnetic field of known strength. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, or AMS, of the samples is then observed, providing a measure of grain orientation in the samples. The characteristics of the microfractures in the samples are thus available to characterize the reservoirs, and in particular the contribution of the microfractures to the porosity and permeability of formations in the reservoirs.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a ceramic mold of a monocrystal turbine blade. The integral ceramic mold with a special spiral crystal selector is designed and manufactured according to grain orientation requirements of the monocrystal turbine blade. When orientated solidification is used for manufacturing the monocrystal blade, the thickness of a shell at an abrupt change in a section (such as a connecting part between a blade body and a marginal plate) is increased, and the heat transfer capacity is reduced, so that crystal defects such as stray crystals are caused easily. On the premise that the casting strength requirements are met, with the adoption of topological optimization and design of a heat transfer passage, the heat transfer capacity of the mold is improved, and a temperature gradient on the leading edge of a solid-liquid interface during the orientated solidification is increased, so that the whole blade can obtain a good monocrystal organization.

A method of manufacturing a component, including providing a three-dimensional computer model of the component to be produced; deconstructing the three-dimensional computer model by defining a plurality of model slices; forming a plurality of metallic foils, where each foil corresponds to a specific model slice; assembling the plurality of formed foils in a tool to form a three-dimensional component stack; and bonding the three-dimensional component stack to form the component. Characteristics of the foils may differ in various portions of the stack, such as being a different material, having a different thickness, or having a different grain orientation. The control of dimensional tolerances of internal structures, such as cooling passages, in three dimensions is devolved into two separate steps of 1) selecting a thickness of each slice / foil, and 2) controlling in two dimensions a material removal process applied to the respective foil.

Electric machines operating according to the reluctance principle have toothed air gap surfaces between their moving and fixed parts. The magnetizability of these teeth directly affects the performance of the machine. According to the invention, the teeth projecting into the air gap consist of a material which in relation to the remaining soft-magnetic body presents better magnetizability and / or greater magnetic saturation flux density. This material is preferably a grain-oriented electric steel sheet or a cobalt / iron alloy. Alternatively or in addition thereto, the soft-magnetic body in which the conductor coils are positioned can be made entirely of a grain-oriented material by appropriate segmentation. In this case, every other pole is non-spooled and consists of two halves separated by a non-magnetic holding element. The use of steel sheets rolled at an angle also contributes to the improved utilization of space and material in rotating machines, especially in transverse flux machines. The characteristics of the construction provided for in the invention result in the production of little cutting waste and thus raise the performance of electric machines with soft-magnetic teeth at the air gap surface and reduce losses.

A replacement or repair stair tread assembly for covering over an existing worn stair tread includes a core that is surrounded by hardwood edge members, of which at least on edge has a bullnose. The edge members and core are mated at tongue and groove joints. The bullnose has a greater depth of section than the core. The core is a multi-ply matrix with veneer surface skins of the same grain orientation and type of wood. The multiple plies are arranged such that successive layers have cross-wise grain orientation. The plies of the core have symmetrically balanced properties relative to the neutral axis or neutral plane of the core in bending, both cross-wise and length-wise. The balanced properties may pertain to water absorption and to resistance to bending.

The process relates to excellent magnesium base material, and is coriaceous high-damping deformation magnesium alloy and its preparation process. For obtaining both high damping performance and high mechanical performance, the present invention adds Cu, Si and other alloy element with small solid solubility into Mg material to reduce dislocation pinning points and to raise damping performance, while adding Zr, Mn and other crystal grain fining alloy element to raise the mechanical performance. Through conventional extrusion on ingot and intense plastic deformation, the alloy has regulated grain orientation, superfine crystal structure and raised toughness and damping performance. The present invention has wide application value.

A method for epitaxial addition of repair material onto a process surface (38) of a directionally solidified component (30). The component is positioned in a fluidized bed (34) to drift particles of a repair material over the process surface as laser energy (36) is rastered across the surface to melt the particles and to fuse repair material onto the entire surface simultaneously. The component is moved downward (39) in the bed in a direction parallel to the grain orientation in the component as material is added to the surface, thereby providing continuous epitaxial addition of material to the surface without recrystallization.

An x-ray diffraction apparatus for measuring crystal orientation of a multiple grain sample. An x-ray excitation path is provided having a focusing optic for collecting x-rays from an x-ray source and redirecting the collected x-rays into an x-ray beam converging on a single grain of the multiple grain sample. At least one point detector and the sample are rotated relative to each other; and a grain orientation is obtained based upon diffraction patterns collected from first and second grain crystal planes within the apparatus.

The present disclosure generally relates to turbine engine components having multiple controlled metallic grain orientations. In general, the primary grain orientation is aligned substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the turbine engine component while the secondary grain orientation is aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. Such controlled grain orientations provide the blades and vanes with increased strength to withstand the thermal-mechanical stresses of the turbine operation. The disclosure also relates to turbines having these fortified components, and methods of manufacturing the components.

The invention provides sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate-potassium bismuth titanate lead-free piezoelectric texture ceramic and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a template with organic additives such as matrix powder, an organic solvent and a binder to obtain slurry by taking a Bi4Ti3O12 crystal as the template; preparing the slurry into a film sheet with thickness of 30 mu m-60 mu m through a curtain coating process; and sintering the film sheet after laminating, cutting, rubber exhausting and isostatic cool pressing to prepare a BNBK texture ceramic material with high oriented growth, wherein original components of the materials are not changed due to precise control in the process. The prepared sodium bismuth titanate-barium titanate-potassium bismuth titanate lead-free piezoelectric texture ceramic constitutes a (1-x-y)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3-Yk0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ternary system, has good crystalline grain orientation effect, excellent performances in the lead-free piezoelectric field, a piezoelectric constant of over 210 pC / N and a Curie temperature of over 320 DEG C.

The invention relates to the preparing method of a fine-grained thermoelectric material with a preferred orientation of Bi2Te3 and belongs to the field of energy material technology. The method consists of two parts of synthesizing and moulding forming of compound. Weighed and proportioned, the highly-purified Bi and simple substance Te are conducted a high-powered ball milling at a certain rotating speed and under the protection of inert gases. The dry-milled compound is wet-milled and then dried to obtain a finely pulverized powder of Bi2Te3. The mass material is obtained in the process of molding through spark plasma sintering, which includes two steps, i.e. firstly, the high-dense fine-grained mass of Bi2Te3 is obtained through spark plasma sintering; secondly, a hot-forging processing is conducted to obtain a textured structure through the technique of spark plasma sintering. As the spark plasma sintering has the advantages of short duration and relatively low sintering temperature, a well-distributed fine microstructure with a preferred orientation can be obtained by controlling the sintering technique. The method improves the thermoelectrical and mechanical properties of the material by controlling the crystal grain growth and the crystal grain orientation, has the advantages of simple technique and short synthesizing and molding period.

The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnetic material preparation and in particular to a preparation method for a high performance as cast condition neodymium iron boron magnet. By means of the composite process combining technology of casting and large strain plastic deformation and the technology of double orientation, grain size is effectively refined, and grain boundary and grain orientation are controlled, so that the high performance neodymium iron boron magnet which is fine in grains, even in grain boundary phase distribution and complete in grain orientation is prepared, and good matching of high coercivity and high magnetic energy product is obtained.

A manufacturing process of a semiconductor device includes generating a less random grain orientation distribution in metal features of a semiconductor device by employing a grain orientation layer. The less random grain orientation, e.g., a grain orientation distribution which has a higher percentage of grains that have a predetermined grain orientation, may lead to improved reliability of the metal features. The grain orientation layer may be deposited on the metal features wherein the desired grain structure of the metal features may be obtained by a subsequent annealing process, during which the metal feature is in contact with the grain orientation layer.

An electromagnetic acoustic transducer for inducing and sensing vibrations in a cylindrical object and methods of using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to determine resonant frequencies and physical properties of cylindrical objects. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers produce specific modes of vibration in cylindrical objects including axial shear vibrations. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers are used to determine the temperature, dimensions, elastic constants, and damping coefficients of cylindrical objects, the magnitude of a load applied to a cylindrical object, or the texture or grain orientation of the material forming a cylindrical object.

The invention discloses a method for establishing an FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) ultrasonic detection simulation model of a coarse crystal material based on an EBSD (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction) spectrum and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a crystal orientation spectrum of the coarse crystal material by directly using the EBSD technology, selecting a threshold value for defining crystal grains in the spectrum according to an actual crystal grain structure in a macroscopic metallograph, packing the crystal grains with color corresponding to a principal orientation, and carrying out grey processing to obtain an image consisting of square pixel points, wherein the orientations of the crystal grains are represented by eulerian angles phi1, phi and phi2 corresponding to gray values and can be used for quantitatively calculating elastic anisotropic stiffness matrixes of the crystal grains. Compared with a previous model, the model has the advantages of being capable of accurately describing the structures and the orientations of the crystal grains, realizing high operation efficiency and the like; a model basis is provided for realizing purposes of defect quantification and location and quality determination in ultrasonic detection of the coarse crystal material. The method also can be used for establishing the ultrasonic simulation models of other elastic anisotropic polycrystalline materials such as austenitic welding lines and two-phase titanium alloys; the method has bright popularization and application prospects.

The invention relates to a method for weakening the cardinal plane texture of a magnesium alloy plate strip, which comprises the following steps of: placing the magnesium alloy plate strip between corrugated rollers, carrying out alternative rolling for many times under the temperature of 300-550 DEG C, straightening, and water quenching, or carrying out multi-channel one-way or alternative rolling for many times under the temperature of 150-300 DEG C, straightening, carrying out static recrystallization, and annealing; carrying out corrugated rolling at the temperature of over 300 DEG C, andincreasing along with the channel, wherein each flat surface which is vertical to normal direction of the plate strip is respectively applied with shearing force in different directions; inducing dynamic recrystallization, so that the orientation distribution of grains in the plate strip is randomized, and the strength of the cardinal plane texture is reduced; and carrying out corrugated rolling under the temperature of below 300 DEG C, wherein at the position in the plate strip, especially, the position where the repeated wave bending deformation is the most serious, a large amount of twin crystals are produced to enable the grain orientation to deflect, and further, the initial texture is weakened. The invention has the advantages that the process design is reasonable, the equipment is easy to manufacture, the operation process is easy to realize, the defects of the normal plastic deformation and difficulty in weakening of the texture in annealing of the magnesium alloy are overcome, and the efficiency is high. The method is suitable for the large scale of industrial production.

The present invention provides a tool for and method of using an infrared transmission technique to extract the full stress components of the in-plane residual stresses in thin, multi crystalline silicon wafers including in situ measurement of residual stress for large cast wafers. The shear difference method is used to obtain full stress components by integrating the shear stress map from the boundaries. System ambiguity at the boundaries is resolved completely by introducing a new analytical function. A new anisotropic stress optic law is provided, and stress optic coefficients are calibrated for different crystal grain orientations and stress orientations.

The invention discloses a method for detecting orientation of large-sized crystal grains. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: establishing and storing a database; combining the colors of the crystal grains and crystallographic data by an electron backscatter diffraction pattern (EBSP) technology; establishing the correspondence between the colors and the crystallographic data; recording corrosion conditions of different metal materials and differently-oriented crystal grains; quickly retrieving the database to search a corrosion state after a large number of samples to be detected are obtained; corroding according to the same corrosion mode; and recording the colors of the crystal grains corresponding to the orientation, which accords with the conditions, of the database under the conditions of the same light source and the same viewing angle to finally realize quick and batch orientation detection of the crystal grains. In the method, the specific color of the differently-oriented crystal grains is obtained through observation under fixed conditions by quantitatively calculating the surface energy of the crystal grain orientation and proper corrosion time, and quick and batch orientation detection of a large-sized polycrystalline material is realized corresponding to the scanning of the database so as to determine the performance of the material.

The invention provides a titanium dioxide film hydrogen sensor and a preparation method thereof. The predeposited TiO2 seed crystal layer can isolate the FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) conducting layer and hydrothermal growth TiO2 layer, lower the drain current passing through the FTO conducting glass layer and enhance the detection sensitivity of the titanium dioxide film hydrogen sensor; the predeposited TiO2 seed crystal layer can be used as a buffer layer and seed crystal layer, provides a higher-density seed crystal layer for the next hydrothermal synthesis step of the TiO2 nano array film, and effectively increases the density of the film TiO2 nanorod array; and magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal synthesis are combined to enhance the grain orientation performance of the TiO2 nano array film, so that the finally prepared titanium dioxide film hydrogen sensor has excellent detection sensitivity and stability, and more importantly, can satisfy the requirements for hydrogen detection at 25+ / -5 DEG C, and the method does not need any additional heating system and has the advantage of lower cost than other methods. The detection limit at 25+ / -5 DEG C can reach 1 ppm, and the resistance change is up to 4% when a 1V voltage source is used as the drive.

A multilayered bamboo article and a method for making the same is disclosed. Strips of bamboo with roughly square cross sections are secured together into layers in which the layer has parallel grain orientations. These layers are then combined together in perpendicular grain orientations to form a multilayered bamboo article. The bamboo strips and layers are secured together using a glue resistant to high temperatures when cured resulting in a strong multilayered bamboo article resistant to the effects of hot water.

The sputter target has a composition selected from the group consisting of high-purity copper and copper-base alloys. The sputter target's grain structure is at least about 99 percent recrystallized; and the sputter target's face has a grain orientation ratio of at least about 10 percent each of (111), (200), (220) and (311). In addition, the sputter target has a grain size of less than about 10 μm for improving sputter uniformity and reducing sputter target arcing.

A musical instrument, such as an electric or bass guitar, is formed of a lamination of wood layers having differing grain orientations in adjacent layers, the grain orientations defining a crossing angle less than 90°. An instrument formed from such a lamination is strong and resistant to splitting and checking and produces a good musical sound. The wood layers can be molded under pressure to form curves, such as an S-curve in a neck, or deformations, such as rounded edges in a guitar body. The S-curve in the neck allows the neck to be attached to the guitar body without breaking the continuity of the wood fibers, thereby strengthening the neck. In a three-dimensional molding embodiment, a net shape or near net shape part results, which requires little or no further machining after molding.