Nanoparticulate-catalyzed oxygen transfer processes
a technology of oxygen transfer and nanoparticulate, which is applied in the direction of physical/chemical process catalysts, other chemical processes, separation processes, etc., can solve the problems of increasing energy costs, reducing the overall efficiency of hydrogen production, and poisoning, and achieve excellent retention of spherical particle siz
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example 1
[0050]A cylindrical multi-stage reactor, in which cracking, desulfurization, and hydrogen reforming take place approximately 2 m. in height, 15 cm. internal diameter was packed in stage 1 with 0.2 kg. of samarium cerium oxide (cracking stage), in stage 2 with 0.5 kg. of cerium oxide (desulfurization / guard bed), in stage 3 with 2 kg. copper cerium oxide (reforming catalyst), and in a stage 4 with 0.5 kg cerium oxide (final desulfurization). The reactor, as measured at the top of stage 3 was brought to 500° C. Into the reactor was introduced 0.1 kg. atomized jet fuel and 0.54 kg. water over a time period of 1 hr. 6 g hydrogen was recovered, representing an efficiency of 35%. Sulfur content in the starting jet fuel ranged from 300-1000 ppm and was reduced to 2S on the reformer exhaust, while CO content was typically 1000-5000 ppm.
example 2
[0051]Our two-step hydrogen generation process in which hydrocarbon fuel decomposes over a catalyst creating an initial defect oxide structure followed by defect replenishment / hydrogen generation step using steam as outlined in equations (III) and (IV). In this process, sulfur and carbon monoxide species may be sequestered in the exhaust stream from the first step. This process, in which methane was used in the first step, was carried out in cylindrical reactor, which was approximately 0.5 m. in height, 22 mm. internal diameter and was packed in a single stage with 5 g. of copper cerium oxide. The reactor, as measured in the center of the powder bed was brought to 500° C. Into the reactor was introduced 0.05 lpm methane fuel for 10 minutes followed by introduction of steam over a time period of 1 hr. 75 mg. hydrogen was recovered with less than 30 ppm CO, representing an efficiency of 64.9%.
example 3
[0052]As in example 2, this example outlines our 2-step hydrogen generation process carried out at low temperatures. A cylindrical reactor approximately 0.5 m. in height, 22 mm. internal diameter was packed in stage 1 with 5 g. of copper praseodymium cerium oxide (Cu0.4Pr0.05Ce0.55O2). The reactor, as measured in the center of the powder bed was brought to 300° C. Into the reactor was introduced 0.05 lpm methane fuel for 10 minutes followed by introduction of steam over a time period of 1 hr. 5.1 mg. hydrogen was recovered with less than 30 ppm CO, representing an efficiency of 3.9%.
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