The invention provides a small animal prevention device and method, and belongs to the technical field of power cable maintenance. The small animal prevention device comprises an animal cage and an expelling mechanism; the animal cage comprises a front cage door and a rear cage door, and catching mechanisms are arranged on the inner sides of the two cage doors; each catching mechanism comprises aninclined pedal arranged at the bottom surface of the animal cage and a spring arranged at the lower part of the pedal, one ends of the pedals are provided with supporting rods supporting the open sides of the cage doors, the front and rear supporting rods are connected, and first magnets are arranged on the three sides of an opening of each cage door; second magnets opposite to the first magnetsin polarity are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the three sides of the openings of the cage doors, of the cage wall of the animal cage, and an alarm device is arranged in the animal cage;an outlet is formed in the animal cage, and a baffle is arranged at the outlet of the animal cage; the expelling mechanism comprises a mouse dispeller and an infrared emitter. According to the device,small animals close to a cable trench can be driven away, meanwhile, the small animals entering the cable trench can be captured, cables are prevented from being damaged by the small animals, and thepurpose of protecting the cables is achieved.