A container monitoring system and an electronic container lock are provided according to the present invention; the container monitoring system includes: a first communication device, which is allocated to a container carried by a container vehicle, the first communication device consists of a first communication interface, a monitoring interface, and a lock mechanism that is for locking up door of the container, also the monitoring interface is able to monitor engagement situation of the lock mechanism, and accordingly sending out a first signal if an abnormal situation is detected, subsequently the first signal is sent out via the first communication interface; an intermediate device, which is allocated to the container vehicle, the intermediate device consists of a transmission interface and a first connection interface, the transmission interface is for receiving the first signal transmitted from the first communication device, and then the first signal is transmitted external via the first connection interface; a second communication device, which is allocated to the container vehicle, which has a second communication interface and a second connection interface, the second communication interface is connected to the first connection interface for receiving the first signal transmitted via the first connection interface, and the second communication interface is for transmitting position signal related to location of the container vehicle and the first signal received by the second connection interface; and a cargo tracking terminal, which is for receiving the position signal and the first signal transmitted via the second communication interface of the second communication device; and the electronic container lock has cable winding around door bolts of both right and left door leaves while door of the container being closed, thereby serving as a second device providing security and protection to cargo.