The invention provides a special environment material responsive online testing device based on oxyacetylene, is composed of an oxyacetylene testbed, an oxyacetylene bottle, a reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a flowmeter, a regulating valve, a flow-limiting valve, an oxyacetylene spray gun, a bearing, a special environment material test sample, a sealing thermal insulating rubber mat, a clamp, an oxygen bottle, an optical filter support, a decoding amplifier, a laser displacement sensor, a controller, a converter, a thermocouple sensor, a data acquisition device, a fixed support, an optical filter, a colorimetric pyrometer, a three-dimensional adjusting holder and a tripod. The special environment material responsive online testing device based on oxyacetylene is capable of realizing online testing on the surface temperature, internal temperature and strain of the special environment material in the oxyacetylene test process, and capable of regulating parameters conveniently; and centering on the oxyacetylene device, the supporting sub-system and various special environment material responsive online detection and monitoring devices are arranged as auxiliary equipment; therefore, the testing device is low in construction, convenient for operation and wide in testing range.