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Modified catalyst for low-temperature fuel cell and preparation method thereof

A fuel cell and catalyst technology, which is applied in catalyst activation/preparation, chemical instruments and methods, physical/chemical process catalysts, etc. The effect of reducing the amount, avoiding agglomeration, and improving the catalytic activity and stability

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-11-04
NORTHWEST NORMAL UNIVERSITY
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the use of platinum as a fuel cell catalyst also has the following serious problems: (1) platinum resources are scarce; (2) expensive: due to limited resources and wide application, platinum is expensive, and in PEMFC fuel cells, the cost of catalysts accounts for the total About 40% of the cost; (3) Poor anti-toxicity: Platinum has poor anti-toxicity to the intermediates of CO and methanol oxidation; (4) The stability and catalytic activity in the actual working environment of the fuel cell need to be further improved, Especially for catalysts with small active components, there are Pt dissolution and agglomeration phenomena, which further shorten the service life of fuel cells

Method used

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  • Modified catalyst for low-temperature fuel cell and preparation method thereof
  • Modified catalyst for low-temperature fuel cell and preparation method thereof
  • Modified catalyst for low-temperature fuel cell and preparation method thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0029] Example 1: Preparation of Pt-PdNi / C (Pt2%) catalyst

[0030] Toner pretreatment: Vulcan XC-72 (Carbot Corp. BET: 237m 2 / g, abbreviated as C) Carbon powder is used as a catalyst carrier. It is pretreated before use. Firstly, it is washed with acetone 3 to 5 times to remove organic impurities, and then 2mol·L is used under stirring. -1 Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) And 30% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) Oxidize for 2 hours, and then wash with deionized water three times until the pH of the filtrate is greater than 5. The obtained powder was dried at 90°C for about 12 hours and placed in a desiccator for later use.

[0031] Preparation of PdNi sol: Weigh 62.5 mg of palladium chloride (PdCl 2 )Powder, put it into a 250mL round bottom flask, add 0.25mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and sonicate to PdCl 2 completely dissolved. Add 25mL ethylene glycol (EG) and stir to obtain a yellow transparent liquid, then add 151.2mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O and 207.4mg sodium citrate, stir for 0.5-1 hour to make...

Embodiment 2

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of Pt-PdCu / C (Pt2%) catalyst

[0036] The pretreatment of carbon powder is the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Preparation of PdCu sol: Weigh 16.7mg of palladium chloride (PdCl 2 ), put it into a 250 mL single-neck round bottom flask, add 0.25 mL hydrochloric acid dropwise, and ultrasonically make it completely dissolved. Add 20ml ethylene glycol, 148mg sodium citrate and 26.9mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, stir to completely dissolve; adjust the pH value to pH ≥9 with 5% potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol solution (KOH / EG solution). After reacting at 160°C for 10 hours, a palladium-copper alloy sol is obtained.

[0038] The preparation of Pt-PdCu / C catalyst: the concentration of 20mg / ml H 2 PtCl 6 Add 0.16 ml of the aqueous solution to the palladium-copper alloy sol prepared in the previous step, and then add 80 mg of pretreated carbon powder, sonicate and stir for 20 minutes each, and react at 80° C. for 3 to 4 hours. Cool, let it stand overnight and then fil...

Embodiment 3

[0041] Example 3: Preparation of Pt-PdCo / C (Pt1%) catalyst

[0042] The pretreatment of carbon powder is the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Preparation of PdCo sol: Weigh 62.5mg of palladium chloride (PdCl 2 ), placed in a 250mL round-bottomed flask, add 0.25mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and ultrasound to PdCl 2 completely dissolved. Add 25mL ethylene glycol (EG) and stir to obtain a yellow transparent liquid; then add 224.5mg Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 207.4mg sodium citrate, stir for 0.5 hours to completely dissolve; then use 5% potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol solution (KOH / EG solution) to adjust the pH to 9 and place it at 160°C under an electromagnetic stirrer Lower the reaction heat for 10 hours to obtain PdCo sol.

[0044] Preparation of Pt-PdCo / C catalyst: add 20mg / ml chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ) 0.55ml of aqueous solution, 300 mg of pretreated carbon powder, added to the PdCo sol prepared above, ultrasound, stirring for 0.5 hours, reaction at 140 ℃ for 2 hours...

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Abstract

The invention provides a modified catalyst for a low-temperature fuel cell, which takes powdered carbon as carrier and palladium alloy modified by platinum as active component. A preparation method of the modified catalyst comprises: an organic sol-gel method is firstly adopted to prepare PdM (M= Fe, Co, Ni and the like) alloy, and modified catalyst Pt-PdM / C having high electrocatalytic activity for oxidation and reduction of organic micromolecule is prepared by an exchange deposition method. The non-precious metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and the like which have comparatively rich resources are selected for preparing the Pd alloy, the Pd is enriched on the surface of the alloy, and the Pd alloy is modified by Pt, so that the capacity of the non-precious metals can be greatly reduced, and the cost of the catalyst is also greatly lowered; meanwhile, the modified catalyst has good stability and electrocatalytic activity, thus prolonging the service life of the catalyst and being capable of working for a long time in the actual running process of the fuel cell.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and relates to a preparation method of a modified catalyst, in particular to a preparation method of a modified catalyst for low-temperature fuel cells. Background technique [0002] Fuel cells can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. It is one of the important technical means to solve future energy problems and serious environmental pollution problems caused by burning fossil energy. Platinum nanomaterials are widely used catalysts in fuel cells, petrochemicals, and automobile exhaust purification. Currently, the widely studied and applied catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells are mainly platinum as the active component or the main active component of the catalyst, and platinum has also been proven to be the best catalyst active component for low-temperature fuel cells. However, the use of platinum as a fuel cell catal...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/90H01M4/88B01J23/44B01J23/89B01J37/00
CPCY02E60/50
Inventor 王荣方张伟王辉张哲雷自强
Owner NORTHWEST NORMAL UNIVERSITY
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