A kind of preparation method of superhydrophobic superlipophilic ultralight sponge

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of super-hydrophobic, super-oleophylic and ultralight sponge. The preparation method comprises two steps of performing functionalized processing on melamine sponge by using an impregnation method and performing a curing reaction after processing. The melamine sponge used by the invention has a large quantity of active functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and amino groups on the surface, the content of the hydrophobic active functional groups on the surface of the sponge is remarkably reduced after the active groups are chemically functionalized, which causes a result that the surface energy of the material is reduced, thus the sponge is endowed with super-hydrophobic and super-oleophylic effects, and a contact angle between the sponge and water exceeds 150 degrees; and the modified melamine sponge belongs to an ultralight material due to density. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that raw materials are low in price and easy to available, the process is simple and easy to operate, the large-scale preparation is easily realized, and the like. The sponge prepared according to the preparation method has the advantages of low density, excellent compression resistance, high oil absorbing speed, high oil absorbing rate, high oil and water separation selectivity and the like, is a novel and efficient ultralight-density oil and water separating material, and has a wide application prospect in the fields such as organic chemical reagent treatment, oil-containing wastewater treatment, and leaking crude oil recovery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of environmental functional materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a superhydrophobic, superoleophilic and ultralight sponge. Background technique [0002] Various oil products (petroleum and its products, edible oil, etc.) bring convenience to people's daily life, but also bring huge safety and health risks. For example: the oily sewage produced in the process of crude oil mining, processing, transportation, etc. will cause the environmental medium to lack oxygen and lead to ecological disasters; waste edible oils and fats (commonly known as gutter oil) will be discharged together with domestic sewage, which will have a negative impact on the urban sewage treatment system , and the effective separation and recycling of the above-mentioned waste from water has become the key to its high-value utilization. The design, preparation and application of high-efficiency oil-...

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Problems solved by technology

As reported by Nguyen et al. (EnergyEnviron.Sci., 2012, 5, 7908-7912), graphene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites were coated on the melamine sponge skeleton by impregnation. A hydrophobic melamine sponge is obtained, and the material can absorb 100 times the weight of the organic solvent itself; however, the hydrophobic melamine sponge obtained by this method has poor oil absorption stability, and the oil absorption performance decreases significantly after recycling; in addition, The modification of the material involves the preparation of graphene and its dispersion in the polymer, which greatly increases the cost of material preparation and use.

Recently, Ruan et al. also reported (Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 2014, 53, 5556~5560) to modify melamine sponge with polydopamine and perfluorododecylthiol to obtain superhydrophobic and superlipophilic properties. melamine sponge, but this method involves multi-step chemical reactions such as the polymerization of dopamine on the surface of melamine sponge and the grafting of perfluorododecanethiol on polydopamine. The process is cumbersome and the cost of chemical modification reagents used is relatively high. , so that this method is subject to certain limitations in practical applications

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