Method for extracting chitin nanometer microfiber from marine biomass

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting chitin nanometer microfiber from marine biomass. The marine biomass is used as raw materials for preparing coarse chitin; the obtained coarse chitin is stirred with n-octyl alcohol or ethylenediamine for 1 to 3 days at the room temperature; filtering and water washing are performed; the materials are prepared into a coarse chitin water-based suspension; the obtained coarse chitin water-based suspension is put onto a planetary ball mill to perform ball milling; the rotating speed is controlled to be 100 to 400 r / min; the suspension subjected to ball milling is put into a stamping machine; the stamping treatment is performed for 10 to 30 minutes at the room temperature; the suspension subjected to the stamping is filtered by filter cloth being 140 meshes; residue large-particle substances are removed; the obtained filter liquid is suspension for preparing the chitin nanometer microfiber. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the preparation process is relatively simple and convenient; the normal temperature and normal pressure are used; the preparation process achieves the environment-friendly effect; no toxicity and no harm exist; the energy consumption is relatively lower; the large-scale expensive equipment is not needed; the yield is high (80 to 90 percent); the product quality is stable.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of biological macromolecules and relates to a novel preparation method of chitin nanofibers. Background technique [0002] Chitin is a renewable, biodegradable, cheap and easy-to-obtain environment-friendly natural polymer, which is abundant in nature. Chitin has two crystal structures, α and β. Shrimp shells contain 14%-25% α-chitin, crab shells contain 15%-20% α-chitin, and cuttlefish bones contain 30% β-chitin. The chitin nanofibrils extracted from chitin have a length of 1-30 μm and a diameter of 5-100 nm. Chitin nanofibers are characterized by their excellent mechanical properties (higher Young's modulus, breaking strength and lower thermal expansion, etc.), good biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability and sustainability, Not only is it widely used as a reinforcing filler in composite materials, but it can also be used as a natural biomass nanomaterial in food packaging, medicine, pesticide additives a...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Although chitin nanofibers have extensive research basis and many potential application prospects, the traditional method of preparing chitin nanofibers still has many defects: using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxygen Although the base (TEMPO) oxidation method can ensure that the crystallinity is basically unchanged before and after oxidation, the chemical reagents used are highly toxic and harmful to the human body, and the product will be partially degraded into water-soluble polyaldose, resulting in extremely low yield

And in the process of preparing chitin nanofibers by TEMPO oxidation chemistry, the hydroxyl group at the C6 position on the chemical structure molecule of chitin is oxidized to carboxyl, which partially destroys the original chemical structure of chitin nanofibers, which is not conducive to its subsequent application; and Although the high-pressure homogenization equipment developed by Japan, Europe and the United States (SangyoMasuko Company of Japan, Microfluidics Company of the United States, etc.) can prepare chitin nanofibers with stable chemical structure, the cost of the equipment is very high, and the core technology is monopolized by foreign companies, so it is difficult to produce Widely promoted and used in domestic laboratories and industrial applications

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