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Porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendritic crystal

A current collector and porous aluminum technology, which is applied in the field of porous aluminum current collectors, can solve the problems of battery short-circuit coulombic efficiency, continuous consumption of electrolyte, dendrites, etc., achieve uniform distribution of metal ions, improve cycle stability, and increase energy density. Effect

Inactive Publication Date: 2018-08-17
TIANJIN UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, like lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries also suffer from dendrite problems
Due to the uneven distribution of charge in time and space during the deposition and dissolution of metallic sodium, the uneven growth of metallic sodium is caused. As the number of cycles increases, the sodium dendrites that grow too fast may pierce the diaphragm or Formation of "dead sodium", which in turn causes battery short circuit or continuous reduction of coulombic efficiency
In addition, due to the volume change of metal sodium during the deposition and dissolution process, it is extremely unfavorable for stabilizing the solid-liquid interface (SEI), which will cause continuous consumption of the electrolyte, thereby reducing the cycle life of the battery.

Method used

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  • Porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendritic crystal
  • Porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendritic crystal
  • Porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendritic crystal

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0026] In a glove box filled with argon gas, porous aluminum and a comparative ordinary aluminum foil are used as negative electrodes. Sodium was used as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and Celgard 2325 was used as a diaphragm, which was assembled into a button cell, and a blue electrode was used for deposition / dissolution experiments. The electrolytic solution used in the present invention is composed of a certain concentration of sodium salt and an organic solvent. The sodium salt is sodium hexafluorophosphate, and the solvent is diglyme. The deposition current is 0.1~50mA cm -2 , the deposition capacity is 0.5~20mAh cm -2 , when the current density is 0.5mA cm -2 , with a capacity of 0.5mAh cm -2 At the same time, after 1000 hours of cycling, there is still a small voltage hysteresis, while the battery assembled with ordinary aluminum foil is less than 60 cycles, and the voltage hysteresis increases rapidly due to uneven deposition. When the current dens...

Embodiment 2

[0028] The difference from Example 1 is that in this example, the sodium salt is sodium perchlorate, and the solvent is ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate with a volume ratio of 1:1. When the current density is 0.25mA cm -2 When , the deposition and dissolution time was controlled at 15 minutes, and after 1200 cycles, there was still a small voltage hysteresis.

Embodiment 3

[0030] The difference from Example 1 is that the battery after the deposition of sodium or multiple cycles is disassembled in the glove box, the negative electrode is rinsed and dried, and the deposition morphology of metallic sodium is observed with a cold field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), as shown in figure 2 shown. Compared with ordinary aluminum foil, the deposition of porous sodium aluminum is significantly improved, and the deposition is more uniform.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendritic crystal. Porous aluminum adopts a tightly arranged three-dimensional porous structure, with the thickness of 1nm-3,000[mu]m and hole channel dimension of 1nm-1,000[mu]m; and the porous structure current collector has the hole density of 10-106meshes. The porous structure current collector is prepared through a chemical etching method, an electrochemical dealloying method, an electrochemical deposition method or a metal sintering method. Compared with the conventional current collector of copper, iron, titanium, nickel and the like, aluminum is lighter in mass, so that light weight of the battery can be facilitated; particularly, by virtue of the special structure of porous aluminum, more active sites can be provided for metal sodium deposition, thereby enabling metal ion distribution to be more uniform; meanwhile, through the hole channel structure with densely-distributed porous aluminum, volume change of metal sodium in the deposition and dissolution process can be relieved through a domain limiting effect; and when the porous aluminum current collector is applied to a sodium airbattery, a sodium-sodium vanadium phosphate battery and a ''sodium-free'' sodium-titanium disulfide battery, the performance is obviously improved and enhanced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a porous aluminum current collector capable of suppressing sodium dendrites. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages such as high specific energy, high voltage, high efficiency, no self-discharge, no memory effect, etc., so they have been widely researched and applied in recent years, but the abundance of metallic lithium on the earth is only 17-20mg g -1 , Sodium metal is the second lightest metal element next to lithium, with an abundance of 2.3% to 2.8%, which is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than lithium. From this perspective, the application of sodium in the field of energy storage technology has great potential and advantages for commercialization and sustainable utilization. [0003] Due to its cost advantage, sodium-ion batteries can be applied to large-scale energy storage devices, so they have received extensive attention from re...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/66H01M4/80H01M4/04
CPCH01M4/044H01M4/661H01M4/80Y02E60/10
Inventor 罗加严刘山
Owner TIANJIN UNIV
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