48 results about "Butler matrix" patented technology

The invention discloses a GPS interference phased array monitoring direction-finding antenna system for a 1575 frequency band, and relates to the technical field of intelligent antennae, comprising a data integration module for integrating data of satellite ephemeris, carrier attitude and airspace coverage through a weighted average method and generating an environment parameter set, a prediction calibration module for predicting the data of the satellite ephemeris, the carrier attitude and the airspace coverage through a weighted average method and generating an environment parameter set, and a direction-finding antenna module for performing direction-finding on the environment parameter set. The phase drift prediction module is used for inputting an environment parameter set into a bidirectional LSTM network, obtaining a phase drift prediction value, carrying out nonlinear calibration on the phase drift prediction value by adopting a Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm, and synchronously monitoring an IQ signal by utilizing a closed-loop feedback mechanism, and the beam generation module is used for carrying out orthogonal modulation and radio frequency up-conversion processing on the IQ signal, and outputting the processed IQ signal. According to the method, the bidirectional LSTM network is combined with the Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm, so that phase drift caused by factors such as carrier vibration and the like can be accurately predicted and calibrated in real time.

Systems and methods for wireless simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radiofrequency (RF) front-ends are provided. A MIMO front-end can be based on the use of a symmetrical pair of arrays, in which one is used for communication while the other is used inside an RF-shielded chamber to act as a reference for subtracting self-interference between transmitters and receivers. In addition to the two arrays, the system can include two identical passive microwave multi-beam beamforming networks. The beamformer networks can be, for example, Butler Matrix based, true-time delay microwave networks, or Rotman lens based.

The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a Butler matrix feed network with a slow wave structure, which comprises a substrate integrated waveguide and a Butler matrix feed network formed on the substrate integrated waveguide, the Butler matrix feed network comprises a first 3dB coupler, a second 3dB coupler, a third 3dB coupler, a fourth 3dB coupler, a first cross coupler, a second cross coupler, a first 45-degree slow wave loading phase shifter, a second 45-degree slow wave loading phase shifter, a first 0-degree slow wave loading phase shifter and a second 0-degree slow wave loading phase shifter. According to the Butler matrix feed network, a row of non-radiation transverse slots are introduced into each phase shifter to serve as phase delay lines, so that the structure size of the Butler matrix feed network is reduced, and the dispersion is reduced.

A Butler matrix includes non-aperture couplers and phase shifters on a first substrate, non-aperture couplers and phase shifters on a second substrate, and a ground plane separating the first substrate from the second substrate. The non-aperture couplers and the phase shifters on the first substrate are connected to the non-aperture couplers and the phase shifters on the second substrate using vias extending from the first substrate to the second substrate and passing through the ground plane. The Butler matrix is a 2N×2N matrix, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

The present invention discloses a waveguide slot array antenna based on rectangular micro-coaxial technology, which belongs to the field of microwave antenna technology. It includes a metal waveguide slot array antenna, a micro-coaxial transmission line, a coaxial-waveguide conversion transition structure and a Butler matrix. The metal waveguide slot array antenna has four evenly arranged slots distributed on the upper surface of the micro-coaxial structure, and radiates electromagnetic waves to the outer space through the slots. The coaxial-waveguide conversion transition structure is arranged between the metal waveguide slot array antenna and the micro-coaxial transmission line, and is matched to a ridge waveguide through a micro-coaxial gradient structure transition, and then the ridge waveguide is gradually matched to the waveguide to realize the coaxial-waveguide structure conversion. The present invention has the advantages of compact structure, high radiation efficiency, high isolation, small feeding loss, low mutual coupling effect and easy integration.

Systems and methods relating to antenna systems the produce multiple beams that are arrayed in elevation. The antenna system includes multibeam forming network (MBFN) circuitry that receives input signals, and which produces, by way of an antenna array, multiple beams that are vertically adjacent to one another. The MBFN circuitry may comprise a Butler matrix, a Rotman lens, a Blass matrix, a Nolen matrix, or adjusted / modified versions of these matrices. The modified versions of these matrices are designed to address beam squint issues, phase error issues, and even side lobe levels (SLL) issues.

The application provides a graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array, which comprises an upper dielectric plate, a lower dielectric plate, a graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable antenna array and a Butler matrix feed network; the graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable antenna array comprises a plurality of graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable sub-arrays and a metal ground plate, each graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable sub-array comprises two rectangular patches and one Wilkinson power divider loaded with graphene nanosheets; the upper dielectric plate, the metal ground plate and the lower dielectric plate are sequentially stacked, and the Butler matrix feed network comprises four directional couplers, two 45° phase shifters, two cross junctions and two 0° phase shifters. The graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array can simplify the feed network and reduce the cost of the phased array.

The present invention discloses a GPS interference phased array monitoring and direction-finding antenna system for the 1575 frequency band, relating to the technical field of smart antennas. The system comprises a data integration module for integrating satellite ephemeris, carrier attitude, and airspace coverage data using a weighted averaging method to generate an environmental parameter set; a prediction and calibration module for inputting the environmental parameter set into a bidirectional LSTM network to obtain a phase drift prediction value, and performing nonlinear calibration on the phase drift prediction value using a Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm, while simultaneously monitoring IQ signals using a closed-loop feedback mechanism; and a beamforming module for performing orthogonal modulation and radio frequency up-conversion processing on the IQ signals, and generating a Butler matrix beam using a hybrid topology beam space transformation algorithm. The present invention utilizes a bidirectional LSTM network in combination with a Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm to accurately predict and calibrate phase drift caused by factors such as carrier vibration in real time.

A coupler of a coupled line type having a multilayer structure in which a plurality of conductor layers are laminated, the coupler being provided with a first line and a second line formed in the conductor layers that are different from each other, the first line being formed in the plurality of conductor layers with the conductor layer in which the second line is formed therebetween, and the second line being formed in the plurality of conductor layers with the conductor layer in which the second line is formed therebetween. The first line and the second line at least partially overlap in a stacking direction of the conductor layer.

Systems and methods for wireless simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radiofrequency (RF) front-ends are provided. A MIMO front-end can be based on the use of a symmetrical pair of arrays, in which one is used for communication while the other is used inside an RF-shielded chamber to act as a reference for subtracting self-interference between transmitters and receivers. In addition to the two arrays, the system can include two identical passive microwave multi-beam beamforming networks. The beamformer networks can be, for example, Butler Matrix based, true-time delay microwave networks, or Rotman lens based.

The utility model discloses a hybrid multi-beam antenna array structure, and aims to solve the problems of complex layout, poor directional diagram indexes of two frequency bands, large number of arrays and high cost of the conventional antenna array. The structure comprises a reflecting plate, two columns of first intermediate frequency oscillator units, four columns of second intermediate frequency oscillator units and two columns of low frequency oscillator units are installed on the upper surface of the reflecting plate, and the two columns of first intermediate frequency oscillator units are located on the sides, away from each other, of the two columns of low frequency oscillator units. The four columns of second intermediate frequency oscillator units are located on the sides, close to each other, of the two columns of low frequency oscillator units. The hybrid multi-beam antenna array is concise in layout, adopts a Butler matrix mode, adopts four rows of parallel oscillators in parallel and horizontal staggered array formation for double beams, adopts bridge connection, has few cables and few welding spots, adopts PCB planar oscillators to be embedded in an intermediate-frequency array for low frequency, and meanwhile, two rows of conventional beams are arranged on two sides at 65 degrees, so that the array gain is improved, the number of the oscillators is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The production is easy and the cost is lower.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to beam steering at a multi-antenna device. The device receives an activation signal to activate one or more input ports of a Butler matrix and outputs signals from all output ports of the Butler matrix based on the activation of the one or more input ports. The signals output from the output ports have varying phase shifts relative to one another. Further, the device phase shifts the signals output from the output ports via a plurality of phase shifters respectively coupled to the output ports. The phase shifted signals also have varying phase shifts relative to one another and also have phase differences between adjacent phase shifted signals. Each of a plurality of antenna elements at the device receives a phase shifted signal from an associated phase shifter and outputs a beam based on the phase shifted signal received from the associated phase shifter.

This invention belongs to the field of multi-beam antenna arrays and discloses a filtered multi-beam array and method based on a four-channel filter jumper. By integrating a microstrip-to-substrate integrated waveguide structure, a filter Butler matrix containing a four-channel filter jumper, and an antenna array on a first metal layer, a filtered multi-beam array based on a multi-layer planar structure is constructed. The four-channel filter jumper utilizes multiple resonant cavities and coupling structures, and by precisely controlling the coupling phase between the resonant cavities, a preset phase shift is directly introduced while achieving the filtering response, thus integrating filtering and phase-shifting functions into a single device. This design avoids the complex structure of filter couplers and the additional losses of filter phase shifters in traditional integrated schemes, significantly simplifying the device architecture, reducing transmission loss, improving system integration and beamforming accuracy, and effectively meeting the urgent needs of 5G and future 6G communication systems for high performance, low loss, and high integration.

The invention discloses a millimeter wave Butler matrix beamforming network, comprising a top layer and a ridge layer, wherein the ridge layer comprises a millimeter wave Butler matrix, and the millimeter wave Butler matrix comprises a first broadband directional coupler, a second broadband directional coupler, a first 90° phase shifter, a first frequency divider, a second 90° phase shifter, a third broadband directional coupler, a fourth broadband directional coupler, a first 45° phase shifter, a second frequency divider, and a second 45° phase shifter. The network has the advantages of wide bandwidth, small size, etc.

The invention belongs to the field of multi-beam antenna arrays, and discloses a dual-polarization filtering multi-beam antenna array and method based on a filtering jumper, structural integration is realized by vertically stacking an energy feeding module, a beam forming network and a dual-polarization antenna module, the beam forming network adopts a plurality of groups of orthogonally arranged 2D Butler matrixes, and the beam forming network adopts a plurality of groups of orthogonally arranged 2D Butler matrixes; and a filtering jumper is embedded at a cross node, and same-frequency / different-frequency work is realized through independent frequency control of vertical and horizontal channels. According to the antenna array, through the synergistic effect of the filtering jumper and the Butler matrix, the functions of multi-band filtering, beam forming and dual polarization are achieved in a single system at the same time, and the problems that in a traditional scheme, the frequency band is single and the polarization capacity is insufficient are effectively solved; the frequency band adaptability and the polarization diversity capability of the antenna array in a complex environment are remarkably improved, and a more compact and multifunctional high-performance radio frequency front-end solution is provided for a 5G / 6G communication system.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and a use method, relates to the technical field of antenna energy transmission, and is used for solving the technical problems of high cost, low efficiency and the like during long-distance wireless energy transmission in the prior art. The leaky-wave antenna comprises a plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow wave structure, a plurality of equal phase shift line structures, a plurality of one-to-two power dividers and a leaky-wave antenna area array. Wherein the plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected with a plurality of input ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure, a plurality of output ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure are respectively connected with the plurality of equal phase shift line structures, the equal phase shift line structures are connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers, and the one-to-two power dividers are respectively connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers. And the plurality of one-to-two power dividers are connected with the leaky-wave antenna area array. And the leaky-wave antenna is designed by adopting a single-layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board) substrate. Therefore, the design cost of the leaky-wave antenna can be greatly reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

The present invention provides a phased array antenna based on a folded Butler matrix. The phased array antenna includes: two folded Butler matrices based on asymmetric dielectric integrated transmission lines, a triple-dipole antenna array, and a conversion structure from an asymmetric dielectric integrated coaxial transmission line to a waveguide; wherein, the folded Butler matrix is connected to the conversion structure, and the triple-dipole antenna array is respectively located on different layers of one of the folded Butler matrices. An embodiment of the present invention provides a folded Butler matrix. Its folded structure can save the size of the crossed first directional coupler and second directional coupler, and stack the traditional Butler matrices up and down, effectively realizing miniaturization and scalability; moreover, the loaded asymmetric defected ground directional coupler of the asymmetric dielectric integrated transmission line proposed by the present invention realizes a broadband effect; finally, the phased array antenna with the folded Butler matrix proposed by the present invention realizes high integration and beam scanning effect.

Antennas are provided. An antenna includes an antenna array having a plurality of sub-arrays that each include a plurality of radiating elements. Moreover, the antenna includes a multi-stage beamforming network having a first stage including a plurality of first Butler matrices and a second stage including a plurality of second Butler matrices that are coupled between the first Butler matrices and the sub-arrays. The first Butler matrices are each coupled to each of the second Butler matrices. The second Butler matrices are coupled to the sub-arrays, respectively, without any cables between the second Butler matrices and the sub-arrays.

The invention discloses a planar miniaturized Butler matrix design method based on an odd-even mode theory, and belongs to the technical field of network communication, and the method comprises the steps: designing a novel Butler matrix with a central symmetry characteristic based on the fundamental limitation of a conventional Butler matrix on the structure; performing dimension reduction on the novel Butler matrix with the central symmetry characteristic by adopting a two-stage progressive odd-even mode decomposition method to obtain a sub-network after dimension reduction and scattering parameters of the network; and decomposing the sub-network after dimension reduction into cascade connection of a multi-port network and a multi-port open-short circuit state network with four states, simplifying scattering parameters of the cascaded sub-network, and further reducing the dimension of the novel Butler matrix into a plurality of low-dimensional matrixes. According to the method, the cross knot of the traditional Butler matrix is eliminated, the compact and miniaturized structure is realized, and the analysis and design process is greatly simplified.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a first wireless communication device may select a lens from a set of candidate lenses and a Butler matrix from a set of candidate Butler matrices to transmit a signal to a second wireless communication device, wherein the lens is separated from the Butler matrix by a distance that is at least a far-field length of the lens for a frequency associated with the signal. The first wireless communication device may transmit the signal to the second wireless communication device via the beam and lens of the Butler matrix. Numerous other aspects are also provided.

The invention provides a filtering antenna array based on a 3 * 4 Butler matrix. The filtering antenna array comprises a 3 * 4 Butler matrix network and a four-unit filtering antenna array. When the three input ports of the 3 * 4 Butler matrix are respectively excited, equal-amplitude output signals can be obtained at the four output ports, and the phase differences between the adjacent ports are respectively 0 degree,-90 degrees and + 90 degrees. When an antenna array arranged in a 1 * 4 form is excited through a Butler matrix network, three high-gain wave beams with different directions and filtering characteristics can be generated; when an antenna array arranged in a 2 * 2 form is excited, three orbital angular momentum wave beams with different modes and filtering characteristics can be generated. The invention realizes multifunctional beam output, has the advantages of compact structure, easy integration, good filtering performance and the like, and has important application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave communication and the like.

The technology described herein is directed towards Butler matrix that can be implemented in a monolithic planar structure design for low-cost and scalable manufacturing. One implementation design is for a device that integrates the quadrature couplers, crossover couplers, and fixed phase-shift meandered lines of the Butler matrix, with a switch and an antenna array in a planar layout that eliminates the need for multiple layers of metallization. The implementation uses monolithic nonvolatile phase change material-based radio frequency (RF) switch elements for dynamic beamforming, by routing RF signals through the Butler matrix based on controlling conductive and nonconductive states of the phase change material corresponding to selectable switch ports. This facilitates dynamic, power-efficient reconfiguration within the Butler Matrix for flexible beam steering. Also described are ultra-wideband quadrature couplers and crossover couplers with parametric design optimization variables, which facilitates ultra-compact device designs.

The application provides a two-dimensional multi-beam antenna, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, comprising: four orthogonal couplers, input ports of the four orthogonal couplers being used for receiving input signals; four phase shifters, inputs of the four phase shifters being connected with output ports of the four orthogonal couplers; two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices, inputs of the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices being connected with outputs of the phase shifters, the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices being symmetrically placed along an x axis; an antenna array, the antenna array being connected with outputs of the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices; the orthogonal couplers and the phase shifters are used for providing a fixed phase difference between adjacent output ports in a y direction, and the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices are used for providing a fixed phase difference between adjacent output ports in an x direction, so that a beam forming network in two dimensions is realized. The application can realize as many beams as possible in two dimensions with a simple network structure, and the freedom of beam pointing is improved.

The invention discloses a wide-angle millimeter wave end-fire multi-beam antenna with ridge gap waveguide 6 * 6 Butler matrix feed. The wide-angle millimeter wave end-fire multi-beam antenna comprises a 6 * 6 Butler matrix feed structure designed based on the ridge gap waveguide technology and a wide-angle end-fire double-dipole antenna array based on the ridge gap waveguide technology. The ridge gap waveguide wide-angle millimeter wave end-fire multi-beam antenna comprises an upper metal substrate and a lower metal substrate, and a 6 * 6 Butler matrix feed structure is mainly distributed on the lower metal substrate and is mainly composed of a metal ridge type transmission line structure, metal pin structures arranged periodically, metal cuboid supporting columns distributed on the lower metal substrate and metal through holes. The ridge gap waveguide end-fire double-dipole antenna array comprises six units of ridge gap waveguide end-fire double-dipole antennas which are linearly arranged. The coverage range of the half-power beam width angle at the center frequency 28GHz is + / -83.5 degrees, and the gain range of the six beams is 12.3-13.8 dBi.

The invention provides an electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array based on graphene nanosheets. The invention provides an electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array based on graphene nanosheets. The electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array comprises an upper-layer dielectric plate, a lower-layer dielectric plate, an electrically tunable antenna array based on the graphene nanosheets and a Butler matrix feed network, the electrically tunable antenna array based on the graphene nanosheets comprises a plurality of electrically tunable sub-arrays of the graphene nanosheets and a metal floor, wherein the electrically tunable sub-arrays of the graphene nanosheets comprise two rectangular patches and one Wilins power divider loaded with the graphene nanosheets; the upper dielectric plate, the metal floor and the lower dielectric plate are sequentially stacked, and the Butler matrix feed network comprises four directional couplers, two 45-degree phase shifters, two cross knots and two 0-degree phase shifters. According to the electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array based on the graphene nanosheets, a feed network can be simplified, and the cost of the phased array is reduced.

The invention discloses a small array with a folding multi-mode structure, which belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, is based on a passive beam forming network and comprises a radiation array and a folding multi-mode beam forming network, the lower layer structure and the upper layer structure of the folding multimode beam forming network are in close contact, and energy coupling transmission is achieved. The multimode beam forming network does not need to use a large number of couplers, and the problems of huge size and high structural complexity caused by passive networks such as a Blass matrix and a Butler matrix are fundamentally solved. Compared with a traditional multi-mode beam forming network, the multi-mode beam forming network has the advantage that the size is halved through the elaborate optimization design of the folding structure. The design has a wide application prospect in the current miniaturized and portable mobile satellite communication equipment.

Systems and methods relating to antenna systems the produce multiple beams that are arrayed in elevation. The antenna system includes multibeam forming network (MBFN) circuitry that receives input signals and which produces, by way of an antenna array, multiple beams that are vertically adjacent to one another. The MBFN circuitry may comprise a Butler matrix, a Rotman lens, a Blass matrix, a Nolen matrix, or adjusted / modified versions of these matrices. The modified versions of these matrices are designed to address beam squint issues, phase error issues, and even side lobe levels (SLL) issues.

This invention discloses a dual-frequency filtering 4×4 Butler matrix based on a spur-loaded resonator, comprising a first dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler, a second dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler, a first broadband 90° coupler, a second broadband 90° coupler, a first broadband 90° phase shifter, a second broadband 90° phase shifter, and a third broadband 90° phase shifter, all placed on the top layer of a dielectric substrate; a metal base plate on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate; and eight disks connected to SMP (Short-Side Multi-Pack) devices, with each disk corresponding to an input / output port on the top layer of the dielectric substrate. Based on the modified Butler matrix topology, a dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler is designed, enabling the Butler matrix to achieve dual-frequency filtering functionality. This invention exhibits excellent dual-frequency bandpass filtering characteristics and has the advantages of being single-layered, small in size, simple in structure, and easy to fabricate.

The present invention discloses a multi-beam antenna that does not require a beamforming network, comprising an antenna layer, an adhesive layer, and a feed layer that are sequentially bonded together, the antenna layer being provided with a plurality of in-band full-duplex antenna units, the upper surface of the antenna layer being provided with a surface wave suppression unit, the in-band full-duplex antenna units being arranged along the length of the antenna layer, the upper surface of the feed layer being provided with a metal floor, the lower surface of the feed layer being provided with a first series feed network and a second series feed network, the first series feed network and the second series feed network being connected to the in-band full-duplex antenna units via vias, respectively. The present invention can generate four radiation beams with different directions, and can achieve the performance of a multi-beam antenna based on a Butler matrix beamforming network. Moreover, since there is no need to adopt a beamforming network, the structure can be significantly simplified, thereby significantly reducing the size of the entire antenna, making it more suitable for the high integration requirements of the next generation of mobile communication systems. The present invention is widely used in the field of antenna technology.

This invention relates to the field of antenna equipment technology, and particularly to an integrated beamforming network and vibrator assembly and a multi-beam antenna. The assembly includes a three-beamforming network integrated on a circuit board. A vibrator array is mounted on the circuit board via mounting interfaces. Each row of the vibrator array includes five vibrator elements. The three-beamforming network includes a first 3×5 Butler matrix module and a second 3×5 Butler matrix module. Each output port of the first and second 3×5 Butler matrix modules is connected to a corresponding vibrator element. The first 3×5 Butler matrix module serves as the +45° polarization network of the three-beamforming network, and the second 3×5 Butler matrix module serves as the -45° polarization network. This invention can reduce the material cost and weight of the antenna, and the simplified connection improves the efficiency and pass rate of antenna production.