32 results about "Butler matrix" patented technology

A Butler matrix includes non-aperture couplers and phase shifters on a first substrate, non-aperture couplers and phase shifters on a second substrate, and a ground plane separating the first substrate from the second substrate. The non-aperture couplers and the phase shifters on the first substrate are connected to the non-aperture couplers and the phase shifters on the second substrate using vias extending from the first substrate to the second substrate and passing through the ground plane. The Butler matrix is a 2N×2N matrix, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

The application provides a graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array, which comprises an upper dielectric plate, a lower dielectric plate, a graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable antenna array and a Butler matrix feed network; the graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable antenna array comprises a plurality of graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable sub-arrays and a metal ground plate, each graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable sub-array comprises two rectangular patches and one Wilkinson power divider loaded with graphene nanosheets; the upper dielectric plate, the metal ground plate and the lower dielectric plate are sequentially stacked, and the Butler matrix feed network comprises four directional couplers, two 45° phase shifters, two cross junctions and two 0° phase shifters. The graphene nanosheet-based electrically tunable two-dimensional phased array linear array can simplify the feed network and reduce the cost of the phased array.

The present invention discloses a GPS interference phased array monitoring and direction-finding antenna system for the 1575 frequency band, relating to the technical field of smart antennas. The system comprises a data integration module for integrating satellite ephemeris, carrier attitude, and airspace coverage data using a weighted averaging method to generate an environmental parameter set; a prediction and calibration module for inputting the environmental parameter set into a bidirectional LSTM network to obtain a phase drift prediction value, and performing nonlinear calibration on the phase drift prediction value using a Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm, while simultaneously monitoring IQ signals using a closed-loop feedback mechanism; and a beamforming module for performing orthogonal modulation and radio frequency up-conversion processing on the IQ signals, and generating a Butler matrix beam using a hybrid topology beam space transformation algorithm. The present invention utilizes a bidirectional LSTM network in combination with a Kalman-particle hybrid filtering algorithm to accurately predict and calibrate phase drift caused by factors such as carrier vibration in real time.

A coupler of a coupled line type having a multilayer structure in which a plurality of conductor layers are laminated, the coupler being provided with a first line and a second line formed in the conductor layers that are different from each other, the first line being formed in the plurality of conductor layers with the conductor layer in which the second line is formed therebetween, and the second line being formed in the plurality of conductor layers with the conductor layer in which the second line is formed therebetween. The first line and the second line at least partially overlap in a stacking direction of the conductor layer.

The utility model discloses a hybrid multi-beam antenna array structure, and aims to solve the problems of complex layout, poor directional diagram indexes of two frequency bands, large number of arrays and high cost of the conventional antenna array. The structure comprises a reflecting plate, two columns of first intermediate frequency oscillator units, four columns of second intermediate frequency oscillator units and two columns of low frequency oscillator units are installed on the upper surface of the reflecting plate, and the two columns of first intermediate frequency oscillator units are located on the sides, away from each other, of the two columns of low frequency oscillator units. The four columns of second intermediate frequency oscillator units are located on the sides, close to each other, of the two columns of low frequency oscillator units. The hybrid multi-beam antenna array is concise in layout, adopts a Butler matrix mode, adopts four rows of parallel oscillators in parallel and horizontal staggered array formation for double beams, adopts bridge connection, has few cables and few welding spots, adopts PCB planar oscillators to be embedded in an intermediate-frequency array for low frequency, and meanwhile, two rows of conventional beams are arranged on two sides at 65 degrees, so that the array gain is improved, the number of the oscillators is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The production is easy and the cost is lower.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to beam steering at a multi-antenna device. The device receives an activation signal to activate one or more input ports of a Butler matrix and outputs signals from all output ports of the Butler matrix based on the activation of the one or more input ports. The signals output from the output ports have varying phase shifts relative to one another. Further, the device phase shifts the signals output from the output ports via a plurality of phase shifters respectively coupled to the output ports. The phase shifted signals also have varying phase shifts relative to one another and also have phase differences between adjacent phase shifted signals. Each of a plurality of antenna elements at the device receives a phase shifted signal from an associated phase shifter and outputs a beam based on the phase shifted signal received from the associated phase shifter.

This invention belongs to the field of multi-beam antenna arrays and discloses a filtered multi-beam array and method based on a four-channel filter jumper. By integrating a microstrip-to-substrate integrated waveguide structure, a filter Butler matrix containing a four-channel filter jumper, and an antenna array on a first metal layer, a filtered multi-beam array based on a multi-layer planar structure is constructed. The four-channel filter jumper utilizes multiple resonant cavities and coupling structures, and by precisely controlling the coupling phase between the resonant cavities, a preset phase shift is directly introduced while achieving the filtering response, thus integrating filtering and phase-shifting functions into a single device. This design avoids the complex structure of filter couplers and the additional losses of filter phase shifters in traditional integrated schemes, significantly simplifying the device architecture, reducing transmission loss, improving system integration and beamforming accuracy, and effectively meeting the urgent needs of 5G and future 6G communication systems for high performance, low loss, and high integration.

The invention belongs to the field of multi-beam antenna arrays, and discloses a dual-polarization filtering multi-beam antenna array and method based on a filtering jumper, structural integration is realized by vertically stacking an energy feeding module, a beam forming network and a dual-polarization antenna module, the beam forming network adopts a plurality of groups of orthogonally arranged 2D Butler matrixes, and the beam forming network adopts a plurality of groups of orthogonally arranged 2D Butler matrixes; and a filtering jumper is embedded at a cross node, and same-frequency / different-frequency work is realized through independent frequency control of vertical and horizontal channels. According to the antenna array, through the synergistic effect of the filtering jumper and the Butler matrix, the functions of multi-band filtering, beam forming and dual polarization are achieved in a single system at the same time, and the problems that in a traditional scheme, the frequency band is single and the polarization capacity is insufficient are effectively solved; the frequency band adaptability and the polarization diversity capability of the antenna array in a complex environment are remarkably improved, and a more compact and multifunctional high-performance radio frequency front-end solution is provided for a 5G / 6G communication system.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional multi-beam leaky-wave antenna for wireless energy transmission and a use method, relates to the technical field of antenna energy transmission, and is used for solving the technical problems of high cost, low efficiency and the like during long-distance wireless energy transmission in the prior art. The leaky-wave antenna comprises a plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures, a Butler matrix with a slow wave structure, a plurality of equal phase shift line structures, a plurality of one-to-two power dividers and a leaky-wave antenna area array. Wherein the plurality of SMA coaxial connector to substrate integrated waveguide transition structures are respectively connected with a plurality of input ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure, a plurality of output ports of the Butler matrix with the slow wave structure are respectively connected with the plurality of equal phase shift line structures, the equal phase shift line structures are connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers, and the one-to-two power dividers are respectively connected with the plurality of one-to-two power dividers. And the plurality of one-to-two power dividers are connected with the leaky-wave antenna area array. And the leaky-wave antenna is designed by adopting a single-layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board) substrate. Therefore, the design cost of the leaky-wave antenna can be greatly reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

Antennas are provided. An antenna includes an antenna array having a plurality of sub-arrays that each include a plurality of radiating elements. Moreover, the antenna includes a multi-stage beamforming network having a first stage including a plurality of first Butler matrices and a second stage including a plurality of second Butler matrices that are coupled between the first Butler matrices and the sub-arrays. The first Butler matrices are each coupled to each of the second Butler matrices. The second Butler matrices are coupled to the sub-arrays, respectively, without any cables between the second Butler matrices and the sub-arrays.

The invention discloses a planar miniaturized Butler matrix design method based on an odd-even mode theory, and belongs to the technical field of network communication, and the method comprises the steps: designing a novel Butler matrix with a central symmetry characteristic based on the fundamental limitation of a conventional Butler matrix on the structure; performing dimension reduction on the novel Butler matrix with the central symmetry characteristic by adopting a two-stage progressive odd-even mode decomposition method to obtain a sub-network after dimension reduction and scattering parameters of the network; and decomposing the sub-network after dimension reduction into cascade connection of a multi-port network and a multi-port open-short circuit state network with four states, simplifying scattering parameters of the cascaded sub-network, and further reducing the dimension of the novel Butler matrix into a plurality of low-dimensional matrixes. According to the method, the cross knot of the traditional Butler matrix is eliminated, the compact and miniaturized structure is realized, and the analysis and design process is greatly simplified.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a first wireless communication device may select a lens from a set of candidate lenses and a Butler matrix from a set of candidate Butler matrices to transmit a signal to a second wireless communication device, wherein the lens is separated from the Butler matrix by a distance that is at least a far-field length of the lens for a frequency associated with the signal. The first wireless communication device may transmit the signal to the second wireless communication device via the beam and lens of the Butler matrix. Numerous other aspects are also provided.

The invention provides a filtering antenna array based on a 3 * 4 Butler matrix. The filtering antenna array comprises a 3 * 4 Butler matrix network and a four-unit filtering antenna array. When the three input ports of the 3 * 4 Butler matrix are respectively excited, equal-amplitude output signals can be obtained at the four output ports, and the phase differences between the adjacent ports are respectively 0 degree,-90 degrees and + 90 degrees. When an antenna array arranged in a 1 * 4 form is excited through a Butler matrix network, three high-gain wave beams with different directions and filtering characteristics can be generated; when an antenna array arranged in a 2 * 2 form is excited, three orbital angular momentum wave beams with different modes and filtering characteristics can be generated. The invention realizes multifunctional beam output, has the advantages of compact structure, easy integration, good filtering performance and the like, and has important application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave communication and the like.

The technology described herein is directed towards Butler matrix that can be implemented in a monolithic planar structure design for low-cost and scalable manufacturing. One implementation design is for a device that integrates the quadrature couplers, crossover couplers, and fixed phase-shift meandered lines of the Butler matrix, with a switch and an antenna array in a planar layout that eliminates the need for multiple layers of metallization. The implementation uses monolithic nonvolatile phase change material-based radio frequency (RF) switch elements for dynamic beamforming, by routing RF signals through the Butler matrix based on controlling conductive and nonconductive states of the phase change material corresponding to selectable switch ports. This facilitates dynamic, power-efficient reconfiguration within the Butler Matrix for flexible beam steering. Also described are ultra-wideband quadrature couplers and crossover couplers with parametric design optimization variables, which facilitates ultra-compact device designs.

The application provides a two-dimensional multi-beam antenna, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, comprising: four orthogonal couplers, input ports of the four orthogonal couplers being used for receiving input signals; four phase shifters, inputs of the four phase shifters being connected with output ports of the four orthogonal couplers; two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices, inputs of the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices being connected with outputs of the phase shifters, the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices being symmetrically placed along an x axis; an antenna array, the antenna array being connected with outputs of the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices; the orthogonal couplers and the phase shifters are used for providing a fixed phase difference between adjacent output ports in a y direction, and the two one-dimensional 4*4 Butler matrices are used for providing a fixed phase difference between adjacent output ports in an x direction, so that a beam forming network in two dimensions is realized. The application can realize as many beams as possible in two dimensions with a simple network structure, and the freedom of beam pointing is improved.

This invention discloses a dual-frequency filtering 4×4 Butler matrix based on a spur-loaded resonator, comprising a first dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler, a second dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler, a first broadband 90° coupler, a second broadband 90° coupler, a first broadband 90° phase shifter, a second broadband 90° phase shifter, and a third broadband 90° phase shifter, all placed on the top layer of a dielectric substrate; a metal base plate on the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate; and eight disks connected to SMP (Short-Side Multi-Pack) devices, with each disk corresponding to an input / output port on the top layer of the dielectric substrate. Based on the modified Butler matrix topology, a dual-frequency filtering 180° coupler is designed, enabling the Butler matrix to achieve dual-frequency filtering functionality. This invention exhibits excellent dual-frequency bandpass filtering characteristics and has the advantages of being single-layered, small in size, simple in structure, and easy to fabricate.

This invention relates to the field of antenna equipment technology, and particularly to an integrated beamforming network and vibrator assembly and a multi-beam antenna. The assembly includes a three-beamforming network integrated on a circuit board. A vibrator array is mounted on the circuit board via mounting interfaces. Each row of the vibrator array includes five vibrator elements. The three-beamforming network includes a first 3×5 Butler matrix module and a second 3×5 Butler matrix module. Each output port of the first and second 3×5 Butler matrix modules is connected to a corresponding vibrator element. The first 3×5 Butler matrix module serves as the +45° polarization network of the three-beamforming network, and the second 3×5 Butler matrix module serves as the -45° polarization network. This invention can reduce the material cost and weight of the antenna, and the simplified connection improves the efficiency and pass rate of antenna production.

The invention relates to the field of millimeter wave dual-polarized multi-beam antenna arrays, and particularly discloses a compact dual-polarized millimeter wave multi-beam antenna array, which comprises a transition structure, a dual-mode Butler matrix and a dual-polarized antenna, the input end of the transition structure is connected with the radio frequency interface, and the output end is connected with the input end of the dual-mode Butler matrix; the output end of the dual-mode Butler matrix is connected with the input end of the dual-polarized antenna; compared with the traditional discrete design, the high integration level and miniaturization significantly reduce the physical size of the antenna array, the coverage range of the antenna array is expanded, a single array can replace multiple sets of narrow beam antennas, and the number of devices is reduced; spatial multiplexing gain is achieved, multi-user parallel communication or multi-path transmission is supported, and the system capacity and the spectrum efficiency are improved; the dual polarization performance is improved, the polarization multiplexing gain is increased, independent data streams are transmitted through two orthogonal polarization channels under the same time-frequency resource, and the spectrum efficiency can be theoretically improved by two times.

A Butler matrix for a multi-port amplification network includes multiple narrow-side coupled 3dB directional couplers and multiple broad-side coupled 3dB directional couplers connected in cascade. The narrow-side coupled 3dB directional couplers include a first narrow-side waveguide and a second narrow-side waveguide, each of which includes two ports. The first and second narrow-side waveguides are connected by at least one narrow-side coupling slot, and the first and second narrow-side waveguides are mirror-symmetrical along the connecting line in the horizontal direction. The broad-side coupled 3dB directional coupler includes a first broad-side waveguide and a second broad-side waveguide, each of which includes two ports. The first and second broad-side waveguides are connected by at least one broad-side coupling slot, and the first and second broad-side waveguides are mirror-symmetrical along the connecting line in the vertical direction. The integrated design avoids unnecessary waveguide conversions, achieving a compact size and light weight while ensuring performance.

The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communications and specifically relates to a Butler matrix feed network with a slow-wave structure, comprising a substrate integrated waveguide and a Butler matrix feed network formed on the substrate integrated waveguide; the Butler matrix feed network comprises a first 3dB coupler, a second 3dB coupler, a third 3dB coupler, a fourth 3dB coupler, a first cross coupler, a second cross coupler, a first 45° slow-wave loaded phase shifter, a second 45° slow-wave loaded phase shifter, a first 0° slow-wave loaded phase shifter, and a second 0° slow-wave loaded phase shifter. The present invention reduces the size of the Butler matrix feed network structure and reduces dispersion by introducing a row of non-radiative transverse slots as a phase delay line in each phase shifter.

This invention provides a broadband three-dimensional Butler matrix for generating vortex waves, comprising eight dielectric substrates, microstrip lines, a metal ground plane, 3dB directional couplers, phase shifters, and SMA connectors. A metal ground plane lies between two dielectric substrate layers, with trace layers above and below, each composed of microstrip lines, 3dB directional couplers, and phase shifters connected in a specific order. Four dielectric substrates are placed horizontally, and four are placed vertically, connected by SMA connectors. Blind slots are provided near the SMA connectors on the dielectric substrates to facilitate SMA connector grounding. The coupler of this invention achieves cross-layer coupling and exhibits broadband characteristics. The large number of ports and the three-dimensional structure avoid complex connections between components, facilitating design, fabrication, and assembly.

The application provides an integrated Butler power divider, comprising a first Butler power divider and a second Butler power divider, wherein the first Butler power divider comprises a first three-branch directional coupler, a first unequal power divider and a second unequal power divider connected with the first three-branch directional coupler, and a plurality of equal power dividers connected with the unequal power dividers; the second Butler power divider comprises a second three-branch directional coupler, a third unequal power divider and a fourth unequal power divider connected with the second three-branch directional coupler, and a plurality of equal power dividers connected with the unequal power dividers. Thus, the application is simple in assembly and can meet the communication requirement of wide frequency band.

The invention provides a four-channel OAM antenna for millimeter wave near field communication, which comprises a microstrip antenna array structure layer, a Butler matrix phase control network structure layer, an SICL-based phase delay network structure layer and a quasi-coaxial via hole conversion structure, and is characterized in that the quasi-coaxial via hole conversion structure comprises a first feed hole and a second feed hole; the Butler matrix phase control network structure layer, the SICL-based phase delay network structure layer and the microstrip antenna array structure layer are sequentially stacked; the end part of a microstrip line in the Butler matrix phase control network structure layer corresponds to one end of a first feed hole, and the first feed hole vertically extends from the Butler matrix phase control network structure layer and corresponds to one end of a substrate integrated coaxial line in the SICL-based phase delay network structure layer; the microstrip antenna array structure layer is provided with microstrip patch antennas, each antenna corresponds to a second feed hole, and the second feed holes extend vertically and correspond to the other end of the substrate integrated coaxial line in the SICL-based phase delay network structure layer.

The invention relates to the field of miniaturized millimeter wave beam forming networks, and particularly discloses a ridge substrate integrated waveguide-based Butler matrix feed network, which comprises four input ports, four output ports, a directional coupler, a cross coupler, a 0-degree phase shifter and a 135-degree phase shifter, the directional coupler comprises two coupled ridge substrate integrated waveguides and a coupling region; the ridge substrate integrated waveguide comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a second metal layer from bottom to top; a metal blade is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, and the lower end face of the metal blade is provided with a row of second metal via holes arranged at equal intervals. The size is small, the area is 60% of that of a traditional scheme, the signal branching and phase shifting precision is high, the loss of signals in the transmission process is low, the reflection interference is small, and the overall efficiency is high.

Various aspects of the disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device can select a set of terminals of a Butler matrix for transmitting or receiving one or more communications via one or more streams associated with one or more beams; and transmit or receive the one or more streams via a set of antenna elements coupled to the Butler matrix using hybrid beamforming. Numerous other aspects are provided.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional multi-beam antenna based on a vertical plane folded Butler matrix, which belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave antennas and comprises N N * M Butler matrixes of a first order, M N * M Butler matrixes of a second order and an M * M antenna array. According to the invention, a vertical plane folding scheme is adopted, and compared with a traditional Butler matrix, the Butler matrix has the advantages that components of the Butler matrix are simplified, the removal of cross couplers is realized, and the crossing of wires is avoided. The structure is centrosymmetric, and the specific layout enables the overall wiring to be short, thereby facilitating the reduction of the insertion loss of a Butler matrix. The input port and the output port of the Butler matrix are arranged at the center of the network matrix instead of the periphery of the network matrix, which is beneficial to the cascade connection between the matrixes and realizes the planarization of the multi-beam antenna. The two-dimensional multi-beam antenna is provided with N * N signal input ports, and N * N independent beams can be generated in a certain spatial range.

The invention discloses a radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method based on multi-objective optimization. The radio frequency multi-beam antenna design method comprises the following steps: S1, setting design demand parameters of a spaceborne antenna system; s2, establishing an antenna structure and electromagnetic performance parameter model, and constructing a corresponding beam forming network model; s3, an array configuration mode is determined, series feed and parallel feed are combined, and phase synthesis of the sub-arrays is realized through a Butler matrix; s4, constructing a multi-objective optimization model, wherein an objective function covers gain, interval, coverage, coupling and deployability; s5, sub-array layout and feed configuration parameters are calculated, and preliminary design is completed; s6, designing an expandable mechanism to ensure folding before launching and on-orbit unfolding locking; s7, electromagnetic simulation is carried out, and beam performance is verified; and S8, evaluating a simulation result, if the simulation result is not met, returning to optimization, and if the simulation result is met, outputting a final design scheme. According to the invention, a multi-objective optimization and unfolding structure is integrated, and efficient design and deployment of the microsatellite multi-beam antenna are realized.

This invention relates to the field of signal transmission technology, and more particularly to a chip-integrated multi-beam antenna array. The chip-integrated multi-beam antenna array includes a Butler matrix feed network and antenna elements. The Butler matrix feed network adopts a three-layer structure of substrate-integrated waveguides, comprising, from bottom to top: a bottom metal layer, an intermediate dielectric layer, and a top metal layer. The intermediate dielectric layer contains multiple metal walls, and the bottom metal layer, the top metal layer, and the metal walls together form a closed waveguide structure. The Butler matrix feed network is used to perform phase shifting and power division processing on the input port feed, and the output port forms different amplitude and phase distributions among the antenna elements, thereby generating beams pointing at different angles. By realizing a Butler matrix and integrating the antenna array on a chip substrate, it features low profile, small area, and the ability to be co-integrated with transceiver links, enabling the antenna array to have beam scanning capability in terahertz communication.

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband compact beam forming network device and system and communication equipment. The device comprises a laminated structure, a plurality of coupler units and a vertical interconnection structure. The laminated structure comprises at least two circuit layers and an interlayer dielectric layer and is used for providing an integrated platform and electromagnetic shielding, and the coupler unit comprises 90-degree, 22.5-degree, 45-degree and 67.5-degree couplers which are respectively formed on the circuit layers and are used for carrying out coupling and phase conversion on input signals. And the vertical interconnection structure penetrates through the dielectric layer to realize electrical connection between the coupler units on different circuit layers, so that an N * N Butler matrix is formed by interconnection. Through compact layout and vertical interconnection on a multi-layer circuit, the device can work in an ultra-wideband of 2.4 GHz to 8GHz, has the advantages of high amplitude flatness, small phase deviation, high integration level and the like, and can be widely applied to multi-beam generation scenes such as a 5G base station, satellite communication and a radar system.

This invention belongs to the field of multi-beam antenna arrays and discloses a dual-polarization filtered multi-beam antenna array and method based on filter jumpers. The structure is integrated by vertically stacking the energy feed module, beamforming network, and dual-polarization antenna module. The beamforming network uses multiple sets of orthogonally arranged 2D Butler matrices, with filter jumpers embedded at the crossover nodes. In-channel and out-of-channel operation is achieved through independent frequency control of the vertical and horizontal channels. This antenna array, through the synergistic effect of the filter jumpers and Butler matrices, simultaneously realizes multi-band filtering, beamforming, and dual-polarization functions in a single system. It effectively solves the problems of single-band frequency and insufficient polarization capability in traditional solutions, significantly improving the frequency band adaptability and polarization diversity capability of the antenna array in complex environments, and providing a more compact, multifunctional, and high-performance RF front-end solution for 5G / 6G communication systems.