The invention belongs to the field of quantum computing, and particularly discloses an MPI multi-process-based single quantum logic gate implementation method, which comprises the following steps that: configuring N quantum bits, wherein the number of each quantum bit is bit n, the N is a positive integer, and the n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to N-1; determining quantum states and subscript values of the quantum states, the total number of the quantum states being 2N, and the subscript values being decimal values corresponding to the quantum states; initializing the quantum states; configuring 2M MPI communication-based processes, and sequentially and uniformly storing all the quantum states to the processes according to the subscript values, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is greater than or equal to M + 1; and performing operation of the single quantum logic gate according to the bit of the quantum bit to be acted by the single quantum logic gate and the plurality of processes based on the MPI. According to the invention, the calculation capability and calculation efficiency of quantum calculation based on the single quantum logic gate can be improved.