37results about How to "High suitability for disaster prevention" patented technology

The invention discloses a debris flow pre-warning method. In view of the shortcoming that the channel-started debris flow critical rainfall threshold calculation method in the prior art needs to be based on long-term debris flow observation data, the invention provides a debris flow pre-warning method. The core of the method is a debris flow start critical value Cr calculation method expressed by debris flow channel topography, geology, and a hydrological factor. According to the method, the Cr value of a pre-warning monitored area is used as a monitored value, and debris flow pre-warning levels are set according to the magnitudes of monitored values; when Cr is less than 0.35, the condition is green and safe; when Cr is larger than or equal to 0.35 and less than or equal to 0.47, a debris flow orange pre-warning is issued; and when Cr is larger than or equal to 0.47, a debris flow red pre-warning is issued. In optimized condition, the rainfall amount of 1h is used as a common monitored value at the same time. The invention also provides a debris flow pre-warning method with an equivalent rainfall R* value as a main monitored value. The method has a reliable principle, the threshold calculation more conforms to debris flow forming mechanism; the threshold calculation is not based on long-term observation data, and has better disaster preventing applicability.

The invention relates to a debris flow maximum curve ultrahigh position calculating method and application and belongs to the technical field of debris flow prevention and control engineering. The method comprises the steps that a, the average debris flow velocity V of a debris flow locality is obtained, and the debris flow channel width B of the debris flow locality is measured on site; b, the debris flow curve center curvature radius R of the debris flow locality is measured on site; c, the debris flow yield stress tau is measured on site; d, the debris flow density rho is measured; the debris flow curve maximum ultrahigh position theta is calculated according to the formula 1. The method and application follow the theory of dimensional homogeneity, can provide a model which can accurately calculate the maximum curve ultrahigh position of the debris flow in different curves and at different speeds, can provide better theoretical data reference for debris flow defensive measures, accordingly can effectively prevent personal casualty and property loss, has higher disaster prevention applicability for disaster reduction of the debris flow and greatly improves the prevention and control effect of the debris flow.

The invention discloses a method for calculating elasticity modulus of a buffer layer through uniformity of the buffer layer. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, calculating to obtain soil and stone buffer layer particle diameter and particle characteristic parameters comprising soil and stone mid-value particle diameter D, soil and stone particle nonuniform coefficient Cu and soil and stone buffer layer compactness S, wherein the soil and stone mid-value particle diameter D relates to particle diameter with the weight percentage of 50 percent in soil and stone particles and the unit is mm, the stone particle nonuniform coefficient Cu is calculated through a formula 1, and the soil and stone buffer layer compactness S comprises three levels, namely a loose level, a dense level and a compact level; and b, determining the soil and stone type according to the soil and stone mid-value particle diameter D and calculating the elasticity modulus M of the soil andstone. The influence on the elasticity modulus by the uniformity of the soil and stone is taken into full consideration; and the calculation method is suitable for actual calculation of a field large-size rough stone buffer layer, is accurate and reliable in calculation result, and has higher disaster-preventing applicability on disaster prevention and reduction of collapse and rockfall.

The invention discloses a calculation method for the surge height formed by ice avalanches considering the characteristics of ice lakes, which belongs to the field of disaster prevention and control engineering in alpine mountainous areas, and is characterized in that: identifying the attributes of glaciers, calculating the thickness D of potential ice avalanche bodies; determining the ice avalanche The elevation difference H between the body and the surface of the glacial lake 0 , the distance J between the ice avalanche body and the end of the ice lake, the width b of the end of the ice lake, the slope P of the surface before the end of the ice lake, the area Ag of the ice lake, and the average water depth h of the ice lake; the average water depth h of the ice lake is calculated by formula 3; Equation 4 calculates the surge height H formed by the ice avalanche in the ice lake. The present invention establishes a more accurate ice avalanche by considering the terrain characteristics of the trailing edge of the ice lake, the morphological characteristics of the ice lake, the volume of the ice avalanche body, the height difference between the ice avalanche body and the ice lake, and the positional relationship between the ice avalanche body and the ice lake. The swell calculation formula formed in the glacial lake provides a scientific and reasonable basis for judging whether the glacial lake has collapsed.

The invention discloses a red bed region landslide early warning method and application thereof, belonging to the landslide control engineering technical field. The method comprises the steps of: employing a red bed region landslide mass and a non-landslide mass as investigation objects, and measuring the slope alpha, landslide mass area A, upper portion slope beta, upper portion area Au, left side transverse slope theta1, right side transverse slope theta2, left side transverse area AL, and right side transverse area AR of the landslide mass and the non-landslide mass, and the terrace area A' on the landslide mass; calculating a slop factor S, an upper side factor U and two sides factor C, and determining a free face factor F through topographic condition contrast; and calculating a topographical factor T, equivalent rainfall R*, a rainfall factor R and a landside critical value Cr, determining a slope grade, and emitting an early warning signal. The method meanwhile considers the effects and mutual influence of the topographical factor and the rainfall factor which trigger landslides, obtains a landslide critical value which accords more with a triggering shallow-layer landslide mechanism, and has the characteristics of high accuracy of landslide early warning and strong disaster prevention applicability.

The invention discloses a shallow soil landslide early-warning method in the red-bed area and belongs to the technical field of landslide prevention and control engineering. The method comprises the steps of adopting a landslide mass and a non-landslide mass in the red-bed area as a respondent, measuring a gradients alpha of the landslide mass and the non-landslide mass, an area A of the landslide mass, an upper gradient beta, an upper area Au, a transverse left gradient theta 1, a transverse right gradient theta 2, a transverse left area AL, a transverse right area AR and a terrace area A' on the landslide mass; calculating a gradient factor S, an upper-side factor U, a two-side factor C, a terrain factor T, and a rainfall factor R; calculating a critical value Cr for inducing the shallow soil landslide in the red-bed area and conducting the condition judgment; determining the landslide level, and sending an early-warning signal. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the combined effects of two factors, namely the terrain factor and the rainfall factor, are fully considered to obtain the critical value Cr for inducing the shallow soil landslide mechanism. Therefore, not only the landslide early-warning is high in accuracy, but also the early-warning reaction time is greatly shortened. Therefore, the disaster prevention applicability is improved.

The invention relates to a calculation method of debris flow impact force, and belongs to the field of the debris flow prevention and treatment project and the water conservancy project. The calculation method is as follows: F=0.225([Tau] / rgd1<-0.1>(d / d0)<0.05>(Em<2>V<4>)<1 / 3>sin<0.5[Theta]>). The method considers a basic theory of dimensional homogeneity for impact force calculation, is suitable for the large-scale practical calculation of the field, and exhibits higher disaster prevention applicability for the disaster prevention and reduction of the debris flow. For all impact force problems, the impact force can be obtained by calculation through parameters including the obtained mass, kinematic velocity, kinematic direction, a plane included angle with an impacted object and elasticity modulus of an impact object, the elasticity modulus of an impacted object and the like without the limitation of materials, so that the calculation method also has an application value for other impact force problems. Accuracy is verified through experiments, and the impact force which may be caused by the impact object can be accurately calculated so as to design a defensive measure according to the impact force.

The invention discloses a debris flow equilibrium slope calculation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of debris flow control works. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the yield stress tau with unit pa through field investigation; determining the debris flow volume weight p with unit kg / m<3> through an outdoor volume weight test, and measuring the debris flow depth h with unit m through field investigation; substituting the yield stress tau, the debris flow volume weight p and the debris flow depth h in the step (a) into a formula tau<*>=tau / pgh to determine the yield stress tau<*> of nondimensionalization; substituting the yield stress tau<*> of nondimensionalization obtained in the step (b) into a formula S=3.0887tau<*1.3724> to determine the slope S of nondimensionalization; and finally, substituting the slope S of nondimensionalization obtained in the step (c) into a formula S=tana to obtain the equilibrium slope. In the invention, the size effect is eliminated through nondimensionalization, the deduction into actual debris flow is facilitated, a theoretical basis is provided for the design of debris flow disaster control works, and the disaster prevention applicability is improved.

The invention discloses a red-bed region rock landslide prewarning method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of landslide prevention engineering. The prewarning method comprises the following steps: (a) a slope alpha of a landslide mass, an area A of the landslide mass, an upper side area Au of the landslide mass and an upper side surface slope beta of the landslide mass are determined through field surveying and mapping; (b) the rainfall is monitored to obtain the rainfall time and the average rainfall intensity; (c) landslide prewarning judging factors P are calculated according to a formula 1 by terrain factors and rainfall factors; and (d) the rock landslide prewarning grades are divided by the landslide prewarning judging factors P; when P is not lower than 1.85, the possibility is high; when P is not lower than 1.45 and lower than 1.85, the possibility is medium; and when P is lower than 1.45, the possibility is low. The prewarning method deeply researches the terrain conditions and the rainfall conditions formed by the rock landslide, builds precise prewarning calculation models of the rock landslide, determines the prewarning grade of the rock landslide, and greatly improves the prewarning accuracy and applicability.

The invention discloses a method for calculating minimum buffer layer thickness, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, measuring and calculating to obtain an earth-stone mediumdiameter D, an earth-stone particle non-uniformity coefficient Cu and earth-stone buffer layer compactness S; b, calculating the earth-stone buffer layer compactness S; c, calculating the elastic modulus M of the earth-stone buffer layer according to the characteristic parameters of the earth and stone; d, measuring and calculating to obtain an elastic modulus M1 of an impact object, and calculating a comprehensive elastic modulus E; e, estimating the kinetic energy Ek and an impact clamp theta of the impact object and calculating the impact force F acting on the earth-stone buffer layer; andf, calculating the minimum thickness H of the earth-stone buffer layer according to the impact force F and the elastic modulus M of the earth-stone buffer layer. The method for calculating minimum buffer layer thickness in the invention fully considers the limit value of the minimum thickness of the earth-stone buffer layer, which can not only effectively avoid a protection failure caused by beingsmaller than the limit value, but also reduces the waste of engineering and cost caused by being greater than the limit value, thereby greatly improving the applicability of disaster prevention and mitigation.

The invention discloses a ramp turn superelevation calculation method for a viscose debris flow, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and control engineering for viscose debris flows. The ramp turn superelevation calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. obtaining an average flow speed V0 of debris flows in a place where the debris flows occur in former years, a ramp turn width B0 of the debris flows in the place where the debris flows occur in former years, and a ramp turn superelevation value Delta H0 of the debris flows in the place where the debris flows occur in former years, calculating a determination coefficient c according to a formula 1, obtaining an average flow speed V of the debris flow, and a ramp turn width B of the debris flow through field measurement, wherein the unit of the average flow speed is m / s, and the unit of the ramp turn width is m; and substituting the coefficient c obtained in the step d into a formula 2 to determine a ramp turn superelevation value Delta H of the debris flow, wherein the unit of the ramp turn superelevation value is m. The ramp turn superelevation value of the debris flow, which is obtained by the ramp turn superelevation calculation method disclosed by the invention, is more accurate, thus a better theoretic data reference can be provided for defense measures for the debris flow, higher disaster prevention applicability is achieved for disaster reduction for the debris flow, and a prevention and control effect for the debris flow is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a debris flow average speed calculating method and application thereof and belongs to the field of debris flow control engineering. The debris flow average speed calculating method is characterized by comprising the following steps of a, determining debris flow yield stress of tau 0 through field investigation; b, field-measuring debris flow volume weight of rho; C, field-measuring debris flow depth of h; d, calculating non-dimensionalized yield stress of tau through a formula 1; e, field-measuring debris flow surface speed of Vs; f, field-measuring bed roughness of n of debris flow movement; g, calculating debris flow average speed of Vm through a formula 2. The debris flow average speed calculating method takes into full consideration the bed roughness of debris flow movement, the depth and the properties of debris flow, eliminates size effects through non-dimensionalization, facilitates deduction to practical debris flow and has the advantages of being convenient in calculate and high in calculating accuracy. The debris flow average speed calculating method is applicable to large-dimension field practical calculation and can provide crucial reference for assessment and control of debris flow.

The invention discloses a method for calculating the elastic modulus of a buffer layer, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a. Measure and obtain the characteristic parameters of the soil-rock buffer layer particles, including the soil-rock median particle diameter D, the soil-rock particle unevenness coefficient Cu, and the soil-rock buffer Layer compactness S, soil-rock median particle size D refers to the particle size of 50% of the weight percentage of soil-rock particles, unit mm; soil-rock particle unevenness coefficient Cu is calculated by formula 1; b. Determine soil-rock according to soil-rock median particle size D Type, calculate the elastic modulus M of soil and rock. The invention fully considers the influence of the specific particle size of soil and rock on the elastic modulus, and the calculation method is suitable for the actual calculation of the large-scale buffer layer of coarse rocks in the field. High suitability for disaster prevention.