The invention discloses an external thoracolumbar vertebra distraction repositor which comprises a fixed support, two hollow screws, a distracter, a pressurizer and a T-shaped socket spanner; the fixed support comprises a beam and two sets of clamps; the distracter comprises a body and two distraction rods, and one end of the distraction rod is provided with a C-shaped foot hook which is vertical to the distraction rod; the pressurizer comprises a thread rod, a connector and an extension rod; the connector comprises a nut which is connected with the thread rod and a lantern ring which is sleeved on the extension rod, and the lantern ring and the extension rod as well as the lantern ring and the nut are respectively connected with each other rotatably in two intersected planes. The distraction repository can spread the vertebral body to the maximum height according to the practical conditions, and through utilizing the self restrictive tensile forces of the anterior and the posterior longitudinal ligaments of the vertebral body, the vertebral body can be effectively corrected to be backwards protruded for an angle of 2-8 degrees; and moreover, the heights of the anterior, the center and the posteriors can also be effectively reposed. In addition, the distraction repository is also suitable for spreading, restoring and reposing the burst fractures without symptoms of stressed spinal cord and neurological deficit when vertebral body paries posterior fracture is burst in the spinal canal.