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Method for preparing superfine nano-silicon by taking silicon-containing biomass as raw material as well as prepared superfine nano-silicon and application thereof

An ultra-fine nano-biomass technology, applied in the comprehensive field of biological waste resources, can solve the problems of pollution, complicated steps, harsh conditions, etc., and achieve the effect of wide source of raw materials, simple and easy steps, and not easy to reunite

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-06-03
WUHAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the current methods for preparing silicon nanomaterials are either harsh conditions, expensive, complicated steps, or the precursors are highly toxic and pollute

Method used

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  • Method for preparing superfine nano-silicon by taking silicon-containing biomass as raw material as well as prepared superfine nano-silicon and application thereof
  • Method for preparing superfine nano-silicon by taking silicon-containing biomass as raw material as well as prepared superfine nano-silicon and application thereof
  • Method for preparing superfine nano-silicon by taking silicon-containing biomass as raw material as well as prepared superfine nano-silicon and application thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0024] (1) 5g of rice husk is acid boiled to remove inorganic salt ion impurities, and then dried after repeated cleaning;

[0025] (2) annealing the rice husk after acid boiling in (1) at 700°C for 4 hours in the air to obtain white silica;

[0026] (3) Mix silicon dioxide, magnesium powder, and sodium chloride by ball milling at a molar ratio of 1:2.5:10, and then put the mixture into a tube furnace and heat it to 650°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min. 3h, after the product was cooled to room temperature with the furnace, it was taken out;

[0027] (4) Wash and stir the obtained product in 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid for 12 h, then wash and stir in 0.1 mol / L hydrofluoric acid for 12 h, filter and dry to obtain ultrafine nano-silicon.

[0028] Depend on figure 1 The scanning electron microscope image of and figure 2 It can be seen from the transmission electron microscope image that the particle size of the silicon nanoparticles prepared in this embodiment is about 20nm, and...

Embodiment 2

[0030] (1) 5g of bamboo leaf acid is boiled to remove inorganic salt ion impurities, and then dried after repeated cleaning;

[0031] (2) annealing the rice husk after acid boiling in (1) at 400° C. for 12 hours in air to obtain white silica;

[0032] (3) Mix silicon dioxide, magnesium powder, and sodium chloride by ball milling at a molar ratio of 1:1.5:5, and then put the mixture into a tube furnace and heat it to 600°C at a heating rate of 1°C / min. 12h, after the product was cooled to room temperature with the furnace, it was taken out;

[0033] (4) The obtained product was washed and stirred in 1 mol / L sulfuric acid and stirred for 9 h, then washed and stirred in 1 mol / L hydrofluoric acid for 9 h, filtered and dried to obtain ultrafine nano-silicon.

[0034] Nano-silicon is used as the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries, packaged into button cells, and subjected to charge and discharge tests. The charge and discharge specific capacities are 1834mAh / g and...

Embodiment 3

[0036] (1) 5g of stalks are acid boiled to remove inorganic salt ion impurities, and then dried after repeated washing;

[0037] (2) annealing the rice husk after acid boiling in (1) at 500°C for 8 hours in the air to obtain white silica;

[0038] (3) Mix silicon dioxide, magnesium powder, and sodium chloride by ball milling in a molar ratio of 1:0.5:3, and then put the mixture into a tube furnace and heat it to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. 9h, after the product was cooled to room temperature with the furnace, it was taken out;

[0039] (4) Wash and stir the obtained product in 3 mol / L nitric acid for 6 h, then wash and stir in 3 mol / L hydrofluoric acid for 6 h, filter and dry to obtain ultrafine nano-silicon.

[0040] Nano-silicon is used as the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries, packaged into button cells, and subjected to charge and discharge tests. The charge and discharge specific capacities are 1878mAh / g and 1628mAh / g at 0.1C, and the first Co...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing superfine nano-silicon by taking a silicon-containing biomass as the raw material. The method comprises the following steps: eliminating an inorganic salt ion impurity by performing acid boiling on the silicon-containing biomass, grinding and smashing the white powders processed by air annealing to obtain a nano-silicon dioxide granule, uniformly mixing the white product, the magnesium powder and the fused salt, putting into a tube furnace, reacting under an inert atmosphere to obtain the silicon and the magnesium oxide, and removing the magnesium oxide by performing acid dipping on the reaction product to obtain the superfine nano-silicon granule. The reaction step is simple and practicable, the sources of the raw materials are extensive, most importantly the reaction temperature is controlled by adding the fused salt to melt and absorb heat, the reactant is hard to agglomerate, the specific surface area of the prepared nano-silicon is 302.13m<2> / g, the purity is greater than 98%, the granules are uniform with mesopores and the nano-silicon can be used in the fields such as the lithium ion battery, the semiconducting material and the medicine.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the comprehensive technical field of biological waste resources, and in particular relates to a method for preparing ultrafine nano-silicon by using silicon-containing biomass as a raw material, the prepared ultra-fine nano-silicon and its application. Background technique [0002] The content of silicon in the earth's crust is 26.4%, second only to 49.9% of oxygen. As a common semiconductor material, it has become an indispensable and important technical basis for modern high-tech society. The application of nano-silicon is very extensive. First of all, in terms of biology, silicon nanoparticles can have good biocompatibility and stability, which can meet the needs of implantation in the body, and can be used in biosensors, cell imaging, etc.; secondly, silicon nanoparticles and Silicon integrated circuits have good compatibility and have broad application prospects in the application of electronic and optoelectronic devices;...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C01B33/021B82Y30/00H01M4/36
CPCY02E60/10
Inventor 霍开富高标苏建君付继江王蕾
Owner WUHAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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