Water-based viscosity reducer of emulsification super heavy oil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a water-based viscosity reducer of emulsification super heavy oil and a preparation method thereof. The viscosity reducer is prepared from the following ingredients through being metered by 100 weight parts: 0.7 to 4 parts of surfactants, 0 to 10 parts of oil phases and the balance water phases. The preparation method of the water-based viscosity reducer comprises the following steps of stirring and uniformly mixing the surfactants, the oil phases and the water phases at the room temperature; forming the water-based viscosity reducer of emulsification super heavy oil. The whole surface activity is greatly improved by using the synergistic effect generated by the compounding of the surfactants; the oil-water interface tension can be obviously reduced, so that through the stirring at a certain temperature, the surfactants can be adsorbed around oil beads to form a mixed interface film; the re-gathering and merging of oil beads can be prevented; the friction force in molecules can be greatly weakened; O / W type emulsion is formed, so that the viscosity reduction amplitude of the super heavy oil is as high as 99.99 percent; in addition, the water-based viscosity reducer does not contain alkali, is particularly applicable to alkali-sensitive stratum emulsification viscosity reducer, and has the characteristics that the cost is low; safety is realized; the preparation is simple, and the like. The harvesting rate of the super heavy oil can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to a water-based viscosity reducer for reducing the viscosity of ultra-heavy oil for improving recovery efficiency, and a preparation method of the viscosity reducer, belonging to the technical field of petroleum exploitation. Background technique [0002] Heavy oil can be divided into ordinary heavy oil, extra heavy oil and super heavy oil according to viscosity and relative density. The viscosity of super heavy oil is above 50000mPa·s and the relative density is greater than 0.98 (130API). According to existing research, the viscosity of crude oil is usually below 400mPa·s to be mined and transported. [0003] At present, the commonly used methods of reducing viscosity in heavy oil exploitation at home and abroad are: mixing thin oil method, heating method, heavy oil upgrading and viscosity reducing method and chemical agent viscosity reducing method. Blending thin oil to reduce viscosity has disadvantages such as shortage of thin oil...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

There are unfavorable factors such as shortage of thin oil and high price in the viscosity reduction mixed with thin oil; a large amount of heat energy is consumed for heating viscosity reduction, and there is a high energy loss and economic loss; the scope of application of modified viscosity reduction is narrow; chemical viscosity reduction includes Oil-soluble and water-soluble viscosity-reducing technologies. The mechanism of action of oil-soluble viscosity-reducing technology is still clear, and the selectivity is strong. It is difficult to develop a viscosity-reducing agent with a wide range of applications, and it only weakens the overlapping accumulation of wax crystals and colloidal asphaltenes. The stability of the structure does not completely "dismantle" the aggregates, so the viscosity reduction ability is limited, but the water-soluble viscosity reduction technology has a relatively wide range of applications (including oil layer production, wellbore viscosity reduction, pipeline transportation, etc.), and the process is simple. Low cost and easy to implement

[0004] At present, there are many application examples of heavy oil viscosity reduction technology at home and abroad. For example, the Chinese patent document CN103032056B discloses a method of viscosity reduction using mixed thin crude oil. After sticking, the viscosity of heavy oil at the wellhead at 50°C is below 800mPa·s, but the blending and thinning ratio reaches 0.73:1. In view of the price difference between heavy oil and thin oil, there is an economic loss in the viscosity reduction of blending thin oil

[0005] CN 101845298 B discloses a method for reducing viscosity by using microorganisms. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to treat colloids and asphaltenes with complex structures, and they are easily inactivated in high-temperature and high-salt formation environments.

[0006] U.S. patent document US 9453157 has reported a kind of with glycerophospholipid, vegetable oil, diluent (kerosene, diesel oil, aromatic solvent, light crude oil, naphtha and gasoline) and auxiliary agent (alcohols) as thick oil viscosity reducer method, the disadvantage is that the consumption of light crude oil is large, up to 40wt%

[0007] US 20010042911 reports a heavy oil viscosity reducer, although the viscosity of ordinary heavy oil can be reduced to about 200mPa·s when the concentration of the main agent is 0.5wt%, but it is not suitable for asphaltene-containing and high-quality supernatants. Heavy oil viscosity reduction

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