Efficient oil-water and emulsion separation polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient oil-water and emulsion separation polyurethane foam material which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of a polyether polyol, 7 to 25 parts of a foaming agent, 0.3 to 0.6 part of a catalyst, 1.2 to 2.5 parts of a foam stabilizer, 0.6 to 1.2 parts of a polyether auxiliary agent and 60 to 90 parts of toluene diisocynate. The efficient oil-water and emulsion separation polyurethane foam material has good oil-water selective adsorption capacity, can quickly and selectively adsorb oil and organic matters on the water surface or under the water surface, can effectively realize separation of emulsion containing a surfactant, has high adsorption multiplying power, and has good practical application value and popularization value; andthe hydrophobic property has very good stability, the efficient oil-water and emulsion separation polyurethane foam materialis suitable for various complex environments, can be rapidly recovered to the original shape after being extruded,has very good resilience, can be continuously put into use and has very good recycling performance.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of polymer oil-water and emulsion separation materials, in particular to a polyurethane foam material with high-efficiency oil-water and emulsion separation and a preparation method. Background technique [0002] In recent years, frequent marine oil spills and human production and life have produced a large amount of oily sewage. The leakage of oil has led to a waste of resources. A large amount of oily sewage has had a huge impact on the survival of animals, plants and ecosystems. , and in view of the complex treatment process of oilfield high water content produced fluid at the present stage, it is urgent to develop a material that can efficiently and quickly separate oil-water and emulsion. [0003] Oil-water and emulsion separation materials are a class of materials that can separate oil and water in oil-water mixtures and emulsions. At present, research on separating the oil phase or water phase in oil-water mixt...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] In recent years, frequent marine oil spills and human production and life have produced a large amount of oily sewage. The leakage of oil has led to a waste of resources. A large amount of oily sewage has had a huge impact on the survival of animals, plants and ecosystems. , and in view of the complex treatment process of oilfield high water content produced fluid at the present stage, it is urgent to develop a material that can efficiently and quickly separate oil-water and emulsion

[0003] Oil-water and emulsion separation materials are a class of materials that can separate oil and water in oil-water mixtures and emulsions. At present, research on separating the oil phase or water phase in oil-water mixtures and emulsions for recycling has become a focus. ; and in specific industrial practice, due to the complex composition of oil-water emulsions, which usually contain surfactants, they are more stable, uniform and difficult to separate easily, which is also the difficulty of oil-water emulsion separation

Ordinary superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces are widely used in the field of oil-water separation because of their selective oil absorption and complete non-absorption, but most superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials can only be used to separate simple layered oil-water mixtures. The separation effect of stable oil-water emulsion is not obvious

Traditional oil-absorbing materials mainly rely on physical adsorption to adsorb oil on the surface of the material, which has disadvantages such as small oil absorption ratio, low oil-water selectivity, poor oil retention after oil absorption, and difficult recycling and reuse, which cannot meet the requirements of waste oil recovery and environmental governance. Due to its good hydrophobic and oil-absorbing properties, organic synthetic polymer materials have become the focus of recent research by scientific researchers. Polyurethane foams that can efficiently and quickly separate oil-water and emulsions have high mechanical strength, low density, and excellent preparation technology. Simple, wide source of raw materials, stable hydrophobic performance, good circulation effect, etc., has a good development and application prospect

[0004] According to existing literature reports, Wei Zheng et al. used polyether polyol PPO330 and toluene diisocyanate as raw materials to prepare a flexible polyurethane foam with a good foam pore structure and an oil absorption rate of up to 14g / g for diesel; Liu Haidong studied the influence of catalyst, foam temperature and crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate index on the oil absorption performance of polyurethane foam, and obtained a polyurethane open-cell flexible foam with good oil absorption performance, which can absorb 25 times diesel in 10 minutes; Yang et al. studied The influence of the molecular structure of polyurethane foam on the ability of the material to absorb oil / water shows that the foam prepared with polytetrahydrofuran diol has good hydrophobicity; however, the foams in the above literature reports all have the problem of low adsorption ratio of oil

T.Shimazu et al. proposed an oil-absorbing polyurethane foam material with a maximum oil absorption rate of 60g / g. This material can be foamed and molded on site, which effectively solves the problem of inconvenient storage and transportation of foam materials due to their fluffy volume; but the material It is a partially closed-cell polyurethane foam material. In order to make the material have oil absorption capacity, it needs to be squeezed repeatedly by mechanical force to convert the closed pores inside the material into open pores. This step requires special extrusion equipment, which is time-consuming Laborious, difficult to meet the needs of emergency response to emergencies

[0005] According to existing patent reports, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101942190A discloses a polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof. The invention prepares a polymer polyol with a catalyst, a foam stabilizer, a blowing agent, a cell opener and a treated expansion Graphite is mixed, foamed, and matured to make polyurethane foam. This polyurethane foam has the characteristics of high oil absorption and low water absorption; may increase, but with a corresponding decrease in intensity

The ultra-soft sponges currently on the market have the problems of easy deformation and poor comfort; patent CN102108117B discloses a preparation method for ultra-soft and low-density sponges, but foaming reactions need to be carried out in a vacuum negative pressure environment, and the cost is high , the reaction conditions are relatively harsh, and it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production

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