Compositions and methods for characterizing and restoring gastrointestinal, skin, and nasal microbiota

a technology of applied in the field of compositions and methods for characterizing changes in mammalian bacterial gastrointestinal, skin and nasal microbiota, can solve the problems of insufficient explanation, insufficient explanation, and insufficient explanation of gerd and its related conditions, so as to facilitate calorie uptake, inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and reduce weight gain

Active Publication Date: 2010-03-25
NEW YORK UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0041]In certain embodiments, the probiotic composition of the invention comprises a therapeutically effective amount of at least one bacterial strain, or combinations of several strains, wherein the composition inhibits the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In a specific embodiment, such composition comprises one or several antibiotic-sensitive bacterial strains which have been diminished or lost as a result of antibiotic treatment. In one embodiment, such antibiotic-sensitive bacteria are...

Problems solved by technology

However, neither of these alone or together are sufficient to explain the rise in obesity and subsequent or concomitant obesity-related disorders, such as, e.g., type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiac pathology, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
However, none of these can fully explain the rise in GERD and its related conditions across widespread population groups.
An alternative explanation is that the GERD is due to the growing epidemic of obesity, but since many non-obese persons suffer from GERD, this also is insufficient to explain the explosive rise in GERD and related esophageal diseases.
Similarly, childhood-onset asthma and related disorders including allergic rhinitis (“hay fever”) and eczema (atopic dermatitis) are also becoming increasingly important medical problems in the United States and other developed countries.
However, none of these are sufficient to explain the rise in asthm...

Method used

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  • Compositions and methods for characterizing and restoring gastrointestinal, skin, and nasal microbiota
  • Compositions and methods for characterizing and restoring gastrointestinal, skin, and nasal microbiota
  • Compositions and methods for characterizing and restoring gastrointestinal, skin, and nasal microbiota

Examples

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example 1

Analysis of Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Mice Treated with Sub-Therapeutic Levels of Antibiotics and Associated Metabolic Effects

Animals

1. Mouse Species

[0120]C57 / B6 mice were obtained at weaning (21 days) from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Me.). They were weighed and then distributed in cages so that the mean weights of the mice in each cage were equal. The mice were then allowed to adjust to the NYU animal facility. At day 23 of life, the antibiotic-exposure experiment began. Animals were allowed ad libitum access to food and water and maintained with a 12-hour light / dark cycle. The mice were fed standard laboratory chow (Purina Mills International Diet # 5001). These conditions were continued until the time of sacrifice.

2. Treatment Groups

[0121]Mice were given standard water (pH 6.8) or water containing the following antimicrobial agents (at sub-therapeutic levels) in groups of 5-10 mice per experimental condition.

TABLE 2ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS STUDIEDDosageAntimicrobialAntimic...

example 2

Adjusting Cutaneous Microbiota to Treat MRSA Infection

[0147]This Example pertains to adjusting cutaneous microbiota. Adjusting cutaneous (i.e., skin) microbiota is helpful to prevent or treat such conditions as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Opportunistic bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are not only affecting patients who have been hospitalized, and / or recently received antibiotics, but also are causing infections in individuals who are perfectly healthy and who have not had any of the high-risk exposures. It is proposed that opportunistic bacteria, such as MRSA, can colonize and cause infections in such hosts due to the loss of indigenous microbiota due to prior antibiotic use, that could have been remote in time. An approach to this problem is to determine the nature of the missing bacteria and restore their populations by providing the bacteria, bacterial analogues, or prebiotics.

[0148]To determine the missing (...

example 3

Adjusting Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Treat C. difficile Infection

[0151]Another opportunistic pathogen is Clostridium difficile, which has been spreading greatly in hospitalized patients, especially those receiving antibiotics (McDonald et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 2005). Therapeutic and prophylactic approaches already are in use with specific Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species (Fuller, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1989, 66: 365-378). However, it is not clear that these populations have really been lost, are native to the adult human colon, and not surprisingly they have only minimal and not reproducible efficacy. Improved approaches are necessary.

[0152]An approach that parallels Example 2, as applied to fecal samples is proposed. The relevant comparison is between the fecal samples of patients with C. difficile infection and fecal samples of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The above-described approach would be used (Example 2) to identify the consistently missing organisms i...

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Abstract

The present invention relates to characterizing changes in mammalian bacterial gastrointestinal, cutaneous and nasal microbiota associated with antibiotic treatment and various disease conditions (such as asthma, allergy, obesity, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), eosinophilic esophagitis, gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJAC), infections due to bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, etc.) and related diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Therapeutic methods of the invention involve the use of live bacterial inoculants that are capable of restoring healthy mammalian bacterial gastrointestinal, skin, and nasal microbiota.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 100,172, filed Sep. 25, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 181,970, filed May 28, 2009, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to characterizing changes in mammalian bacterial gastrointestinal, cutaneous (skin) and nasal microbiota associated with antibiotic treatment and various disease conditions (such as asthma, allergy, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin-deficiency or insulin-resistance related disorders, ischemia, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, hypertension, abnormal lipid metabolism, gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), eosinophilic esophagitis, gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJAC), infections due to bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clost...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K35/74A61P31/00A61P11/06A61P7/12A61P3/00A61K35/741
CPCA61K35/741A61K35/74A61P1/04A61P3/00A61P3/04A61P7/12A61P11/06A61P31/00A61P37/08
Inventor BLASER, MARTIN J.CHO, ILSEUNG
Owner NEW YORK UNIV
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