Production of biofuel from tissue culture sources
a biofuel and tissue culture technology, applied in the direction of biochemistry apparatus, botany apparatus and processes, fuels, etc., can solve the problems of less land available for food production, fossil fuel use is damaging to the environment and the atmosphere of the planet, and fossil fuels are finite resources that cannot last indefinitely
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example 1
[0152]FIG. 1-4 show a schematic diagram of an extraction process.
[0153]1.1 FIG. 1 shows the heat treatment of freeze-dried cells, which represents Stage 1, in which cells of T. vulgare cell suspension culture PAW-NS-1 were heated for 8 hours in an oven set to 100° C.
[0154]1.2 FIG. 2 shows the stage 2 of an extraction process for the solvent extraction of heat-treated cells. In Stage 2:[0155]a) Heat treated cells are refluxed for one hour in a 1:1 mixture of chloroform and methanol.[0156]b) Cell: solvent mixture is filtered.[0157]c) Solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. Residue containing crude active extract is re-dissolved in chloroform and proceeds to Stage 3.[0158]d) Used solvent is distilled and cycled back to reflux chamber for re-use.[0159]e) Used cells are disposed of.
[0160]1.3 FIG. 3 shows the stage 3 of an extraction process for the solvent extraction of heat-treated cells. In Stage 3:[0161]a) Crude active residue in chloroform is mixed with an equal volume of distilled...
example 2
[0217]This example provides a report on production of biofuel from vegetable oil. The method employed was as follows—
Production of Biofuel
[0218]Stage 1: Vegetable oil was mixed with a 1.04M solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in methanol (MeOH), in the ratio 187 mls oil to 25 mls NaOH / MeOH solution. This was mixed at 65° C. for 6 hours, and left mixing overnight (16 hours) at room temperature, 20° C. After this time, the mixture was left to settle for 1 hour at room temperature, after which time 2 layers had formed. The lower (glycerine) layer was removed using a separating funnel and the top layer was retained for further analysis and treatment.
[0219]Stage 2: The Fenton reaction was induced in the top layer. This stage was performed in the fume hood, wearing a face protector. Hydrogen peroxide (33%) and iron (III) chloride were added at a 50:1 weight ratio (in Moles, the ratio was 10:1). First the iron (III) chloride was added, and then the hydrogen peroxide, which was added dropwi...
example 3
[0251]This example describes the optimisation pH of the cell suspension culture of oil-producing cells.
Method:
[0252]The original culture as described in section 6.2 of Example 1 was thoroughly agitated for ten minutes to achieve an even cell suspension, then aliquots were taken.
[0253]Aliquots of the main oil producing cell culture were buffered to various pH values as indicated in table 4, below, and the amount of oil produced per 100 ml aliquot, based on the oil that that collected on the surface of the cell culture medium that could be drawn off with a pipette, was measured in a measuring cylinder over a 14 day period.
[0254]The pH buffering was achieved with citric acid and disodium hydrogen orthophosphate according to the European Pharmacopoeia method.
Results:
[0255]The results of this experiment are shown in Table 4 and FIG. 6.
TABLE 4pH7.006.506.005.505.004.504.003.50volume of oil0.200.300.500.700.831.150.970*produced (ml)*(cell death ensued at pH 3.5)
Discussion & Conclusion
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