The present invention discloses a non-orthogonal random access method. The method includes a first step of acquiring, by each of N users, necessary configuration information; a second step of sending a random access preamble; a third step of detecting, based on arrival time of the user, the preamble; a fourth step of transmitting a random access response; a fifth step of transmitting a layer III message; a sixth step of determining, according to a relationship between regular time and ahead of time of the user, a user demodulation sequence by eNodeB, so as to separate multiple users in a serial interference cancellation (SIC) manner; and a seventh step of replying, by the eNodeB, each identified cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) competition resolving information, so as to indicate that the user randomly accesses successfully. According to the non-orthogonal random access method, multiple users access randomly simultaneously due to adoption of a power domain multiplexing manner, user access success probability is effectively improved, access time delay is lowered, network users are greatly increased, and demands of a fifth-generation mobile communication system are met.