The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to a large-scale remote sensing image-based hangar recognition method, which comprises the following steps of: S1, carrying out picture preprocessing on a satellite visible light remote sensing image; S2, introducing an attention mechanism to locate an airport position in the remote sensing map; S3, training a YOLOv5 network by using the hangar picture data set; and S4, improving YOLOv5 network detection precision and network training efficiency by using transfer learning and hyper-parameter optimization, and realizing rapid recognition of the hangar from the remote sensing large image. According to the method, the attention mechanism and the deep learning network are combined, the hangar target in the high-precision satellite visible light remote sensing image is recognized step by step, compared with a current universal interpreter searching method, the precision target is guaranteed, meanwhile, the detection timeliness is greatly improved, and certain mobility is provided for recognition of other targets.