Method for comprehensively manufacturing biomass

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for comprehensively manufacturing biomass, and effectively solves the problems of difficult dust removal, poor adaptability and poor economy of raw materials existing in the method for physically and chemically manufacturing the biomass. The method comprises the following steps: performing cracking reaction on the biomass to generate charcoal and pyrolysis gas after the biomass is crushed; cooling and separating the pyrolysis gas into gas and liquid after the pyrolysis gas is subjected to dust removal; introducing cooled gas into a gasometer to be used as fuel of a cracking furnace; feeding the liquid to a fractionating column for separation; separating tar from the column bottom to be used as fuel of the cracking furnace or to be manufactured into liquidfuel or other chemical products; separating light liquid wood vinegar liquid from the column top; feeding the wood vinegar liquid into a liquid storage tank for storing, or mixing and composting the wood vinegar liquid with crushed straws; and carrying out anaerobic digestion to generate biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry after the composted straws and organic waste or domestic sewage are mixed and regulated so as to realize comprehensive manufacture and utilization of the biomass. The method has simple process, cleanness, energy conservation, environmental protection, tremendous economic and social benefits, and is innovation in the field of biomass energy.

Description

1. Technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, in particular to a biomass comprehensive processing method. 2. Background technology [0002] Biomass, including agricultural stalks, fruit shells, and forestry waste, is a renewable energy source that can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous energy products and various chemical products required by human life after processing through various physical and chemical methods. It is known that traditional biomass processing methods include pyrolysis carbonization, liquefaction, gasification, liquefaction and gasification through biological fermentation, etc., but all methods only focus on the utilization of one type of processing method, and can only be adapted to the processing of specific straws, not At present, various straws need to be processed, and the economy is poor. The patent application number 200810141406.6 describes a biomass processing method, which mainly focuses on dust re...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive biomass processing method, which can effectively solve the problems of difficult dust removal, poor raw material adaptability and poor economy in the physical and chemical processing methods of biomass. The technical solution is that after the biomass (i.e. agricultural straw and forestry waste) is pulverized, it is cracked at 300-900° C. for 5-20 minutes, and the cracking reaction generates charcoal and pyrolysis gas. In terms of biomass weight, charcoal accounts for 10 -70%, cracked gas accounts for 90-30%, charcoal is used for fuel, insulation materials, etc., cracked gas is dedusted, cooled and separated into gas and liquid, and the gas is 4000-5000 kilojoules / kg (KJ / kg) The calorific value gas, after further cooling, enters the gas cabinet and is used as fuel for the cracking furnace. The liquid is sent to the fractionation tower for separation. The temperature at the top of the tower is lower than 40°C, and the temperature at the bottom of the tower is 80-280°C. Tar is separated from the bottom of the tower and used for cracking Furnace fuel, or used for processing into liquid fuel or other chemical products, light liquid wood acetic acid liquid is separated from the top of the tower, wood acetic acid liquid is an aqueous solution containing organic wood acetic acid and a small amount of small molecular organic matter, wood acetic acid liquid is first sent to liquid storage Stored in tanks, used for processing into organic medicines, fertilizers, alkaline soil improvers, etc., or mixed with other crushed straw (not a part of the original straw crushing, but another straw and crushed) at a weight ratio of 0.5-1:1 (The wood acetic acid solution can also be divided into several parts, which are used as raw materials for manufacturing different products), and placed in the retting pool at 10-40°C for 7-30 days. After retting, the straw and organic waste or domestic sewage After mixing and blending at a weight ratio of 0.5-3:0.5-10, anaerobic digestion is carried out for 7-30 days, and the anaerobic digestion temperature is 10-60°C to produce biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. Biogas is used as fuel and chemical raw materials, and biogas residue , Biogas slurry is processed into organic fertilizer for soil improvement, to realize the comprehensive processing and utilization of biomass. The so-called wood acetic acid liquid refers to the liquid separated after cracking, which contains organic wood acetic acid and a small amount of small molecular organic matter. It is used for The wood acetic acid liquid produced by biomass cracking is used for the pretreatment before the anaerobic digestion of the straw, and the biogas yield of the anaerobic digestion of the straw is increased by 10% to 20%, which reflects the synergistic effect of the physical and chemical treatment methods of biomass and biological treatment methods; The biomass refers to agricultural and forestry wastes, including straws such as cotton straws, wheat straws, rice straws, bean straws, corn straws, peanut shells, sawdust, sawdust, branches, etc., any one or a mixture of two or more; The organic waste mentioned is any kind of poultry manure or human excrement; the domestic sewage mentioned is any kind of vegetable washing water, rice washing water, swill, laundry water, and non-toxic industrial waste water. The invention integrates the thermal cracking of biomass by physical and chemical methods and anaerobic digestion by biological methods, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of various products in the biomass processing process and effectively improving the economic efficiency of biomass processing. Anaerobic digestion of substances can increase biogas production by 10-20%, which cannot be realized by any other method, and the present invention has simple process, clean, energy-saving, environmental protection, huge economic and social benefits, and is a new product of biomass energy. An innovation in the field of sourcing

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