Solar zero-liquid-discharge sea water desalting plant and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar zero-liquid-discharge sea water desalting plant and method. Moisture in sea water is evaporated quickly at low energy consumption by using a liquid spray method and multistage hot air contact; 100-400 DEG C hot air is supplied by a condensation solar heat collector, micro-dimension sea water drops perform moisture diffusion and heat transfer with dry hot air many times, nano drop characteristic evaporation is implemented an atomization evaporator, the obtained high-temperature saturated moist air is cooled by a saturated moist air condenser to obtain fresh water, the rest low-temperature saturated air is exhausted, and solid crystals are taken out from the bottom of the atomization evaporator. The invention is suitable for desalting of sea water, or concentration separation or liquid-solid separation of bitters and other electrolyte water solutions. The invention has the advantages of perfect structure, strong automatic control performance and high efficiency, and fully utilizes the solar energy.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technology of atomizing and separating liquid electrolyte by using solar energy, and in particular relates to a solar zero liquid discharge seawater desalination device and method. Background technique [0002] As an important way to replenish fresh water, with the development of seawater desalination technology, especially the application of energy recovery devices in membrane technology and the improvement of membrane performance, seawater desalination is increasingly used as a means of sustainable development of freshwater resources. The country develops. However, the water recovery rate of the current seawater desalination method is low. The thermal seawater desalination device requires a large amount of seawater due to steam condensation, so the freshwater recovery rate is 20% to 50%, and the water recovery rate of the membrane seawater desalination device is only 30%~ 40%, and most of the remaining seawater becomes b...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] Since the desalination process is accompanied by the consumption of electric energy or heat energy, from the perspective of environmental protection and sustainable development, there are many technical researches on seawater desalination with waste heat or clean energy solar energy, mainly photothermal solar desalination and photovoltaic reverse osmosis desalination 1. Humidification and dehumidification desalination, among which thermal solar desalination is mainly a simple connection between the existing thermal seawater desalination technology and solar heating to generate steam. The thermal efficiency and solar water production rate per unit area are low. For a long time, solar energy is a discontinuous energy source, and continuous operation requires other auxiliary energy sources; the energy conversion rate of solar photovoltaic reverse osmosis seawater desalination is low; the main unit of desalination by humidification and dehumidification is the heat collection area of ​​solar energy is small water production

[0004] From the perspective of the processes and materials involved in the above major seawater desalination technologies, as the separation process proceeds, the occurrence of inorganic fouling, rising boiling points and changes in osmotic pressure will affect the recovery rate of fresh water

For unconventional desalination methods, such as the freezing method, due to the high salt content of sea ice melt water and storage problems, it is limited; the ordinary humidification de-humidification method also needs to consume the latent heat of evaporation required for atmospheric pressure evaporation; Influenced by the specific surface charge performance, it is not suitable for the treatment of concentrated brine

[0005] The current fluidized bed drying technology consumes a lot of energy, and the known membrane and thermal seawater desalination technologies have economic and technical bottlenecks in the treatment of high-concentration brine. We are looking for a zero-liquid-discharge desalination device for seawater, including high-concentration brine. and method is very necessary

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