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This invention relates to the field of catalyst technology, providing a supported ruthenium-based catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. The supported ruthenium-based catalyst provided by this invention comprises a support and an active metal Ru; the active metal Ru is dispersed on the surface of the support in the form of elemental atom clusters and Ru oxide clusters; the elemental Ru atom clusters are dispersed around the Ru oxide clusters; the support is an oxygen-containing support. The supported ruthenium-based catalyst provided by this invention exhibits high hydrogenation selectivity and activity. When applied to the selective hydrogenation reduction reaction of 2,4-dinitroaniline, it can effectively improve the conversion rate of the reactants and the selectivity of the target product, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. The preparation method provided by this invention is simple, easy to operate, and suitable for large-scale production.